Preview:
  var filter = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet().getSheetByName("sheetName").getFilter();

    var criteriaValues = filter.getColumnFilterCriteria(columnPosition).getCriteriaValues();
    Logger.log("criteria Values length " + criteriaValues.length);
    Logger.log(criteriaValues);

    var visibleValues = filter.getColumnFilterCriteria(columnPosition).getVisibleValues();
    Logger.log("visible Values length " + visibleValues.length);
    Logger.log(visibleValues);

    var hiddenValues = filter.getColumnFilterCriteria(columnPosition).getHiddenValues();
    Logger.log("hidden Values length " + hiddenValues.length);
    Logger.log(hiddenValues);
downloadDownload PNG downloadDownload JPEG downloadDownload SVG

Tip: You can change the style, width & colours of the snippet with the inspect tool before clicking Download!

Click to optimize width for Twitter