​the answer as hint (see how AND is used for multiple join conditions between same table ...last line)
SELECT
  couples.couple_name,
  couples.pref_location,
  apartments.id
FROM couples
JOIN apartments
  ON apartments.price NOT BETWEEN couples.min_price AND couples.max_price
  AND location != pref_location

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btw my answer also worked

SELECT c.couple_name,c.pref_location,a.id
FROM apartments a
join 
couples c on c.pref_location <> a.location
where a.price not between c.min_price and c.max_price