#ifdef __APPLE__
freopen("inputFilename.txt", "r", stdin);
freopen("outputFilename.txt", "w", stdout);
#endif

Part 1:

// Header.h
void func(); // Declares func()
 
// File1.cc
#include "Header.h"
void func() {   // Defines func()
   ...
}
 
// File2.cc
#include "Header.h"
...  // Do something else
func(); // Calls func()
  
  
  
  
  
  
Part 2:

// Header.h
inline void func() { // Defines func()
   ...
}
 
// File2.cc
#include "Header.h"
... // Do something else
... // Code for func()

bool operator<(const Person &other) const {
 if (name == other.name) { 
    return age < other.age;
 } else { 
        return name < other.name; 
    }
} 
 
//This fixes the problem: In template: invalid operands to binary     expression ('const Person' and 'const Person')

std::string test1 = "Baked";
std::string test2 = "Bake";  
bool compare = test1 < test2;
 
// Output: 0
/* Reason: There is no difference until the last letter so then it will compare the last letter with the blank space. 
Since blank space comes first before the letter d, this means that test1 is not less than test2 and that is why it returns false.*/
 
std::string test1 = "Baker";
std::string test2 = "Bdke";  
bool compare = test1 < test2;
 
// Output: 1
/* Reason: There is no difference until the second letter so then it will compare the second letter with the second letter of the other word.
Since the letter a comes first before the letter d, this means that test1 is less than test2 and that is why it returns true.*/

Example:

    people[0] = Person(3, "Bob");
    people[1] = Person(4, "Joe");
    people[2] = Person(5, "Sue");

Example 2:

	people.insert(std::pair <int, Person> (0, Person(3, "Bob")));
	people.insert(std::pair <int, Person> (1, Person(4, "Joe")));
	people.insert(std::pair <int, Person> (2, Person(5, "Sue")));

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

struct student
{
	int age;
};

int main() {
	student steve;		//variable
	student *ken;		//ken is a pointer.  It points to the memory address which holds the ken struct.

	steve.age = 7;
	ken->age = 9;

	return;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(){
  	
	cout << "Hello World";
  
  	return 0;
}

std::exception <exception> interface (debatable if you should catch this)
    std::bad_alloc <new> failure to allocate storage
        std::bad_array_new_length <new> invalid array length
    std::bad_cast <typeinfo> execution of an invalid dynamic-cast
    std::bad_exception <exception> signifies an incorrect exception was thrown
    std::bad_function_call <functional> thrown by "null" std::function
    std::bad_typeid <typeinfo> using typeinfo on a null pointer
    std::bad_weak_ptr <memory> constructing a shared_ptr from a bad weak_ptr
    std::logic_error <stdexcept> errors detectable before the program executes
        std::domain_error <stdexcept> parameter outside the valid range
        std::future_error <future> violated a std::promise/std::future condition
        std::invalid_argument <stdexcept> invalid argument
        std::length_error <stdexcept> length exceeds its maximum allowable size
        std::out_of_range <stdexcept> argument value not in its expected range
    std::runtime_error <stdexcept> errors detectable when the program executes
        std::overflow_error <stdexcept> arithmetic overflow error.
        std::underflow_error <stdexcept> arithmetic underflow error.
        std::range_error <stdexcept> range errors in internal computations
        std::regex_error <regex> errors from the regular expression library.
        std::system_error <system_error> from operating system or other C API
            std::ios_base::failure <ios> Input or output error

 int gcdYisLargerThanX(int x, int y)
{
  return x==0 ? y : gcd(y%x, x);
}

bool isPrime(int n) 
{ 
    // Corner cases 
    if (n <= 1) 
        return false; 
    if (n <= 3) 
        return true; 
  
    // This is checked so that we can skip 
    // middle five numbers in below loop
	// any integer can be expressed as (6k + i), where i = -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
	// (6k + 0), (6k + 2), (6k + 4) covered by n%2
	// (6k + 3) covered by n%3
    if (n % 2 == 0 || n % 3 == 0) 
        return false; 
	
	// Check for 6K + 1 and 6K - 1
    for (int i = 5; i * i <= n; i = i + 6) 
        if (n % i == 0 || n % (i + 2) == 0) 
            return false; 
 
    return true; 
}

int maxSubArray(vector<int>& nums) {
        int maxSum = nums[0], currSum = nums[0];
        
        for(int i=1; i < nums.size(); i++)
        {
            currSum += nums[i];
            if(nums[i] > currSum) currSum = nums[i];
            maxSum = (currSum > maxSum) ? currSum : maxSum;
        }
        return maxSum;
    }

int maxProduct(vector<int>& nums) {
        int32_t res=nums[0];
        
        for(int32_t i=1, min=res, max = res; i < nums.size(); i++)
        {
            if(nums[i] < 0)
                swap(min, max);
            max = std::max(nums[i] * max, nums[i]);
            min = std::min(nums[i] * min, nums[i]);
            res = std::max(res, max);
        }
        return res;
    }

#include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;
//Implement the class Box  
//l,b,h are integers representing the dimensions of the box

// The class should have the following functions : 

// Constructors: 
// Box();
// Box(int,int,int);
// Box(Box);


// int getLength(); // Return box's length
// int getBreadth (); // Return box's breadth
// int getHeight ();  //Return box's height
// long long CalculateVolume(); // Return the volume of the box

//Overload operator < as specified
//bool operator<(Box& b)

//Overload operator << as specified
//ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Box& B)
class Box {
    private:
        int length;
        int breadth;
        int height;
    
    public:
        Box() {
            this->length = 0;
            this->breadth = 0;
            this->height = 0;
        }
        
        Box(int l, int b, int h) {
            this->length = l;
            this->breadth = b;
            this->height = h;
        }
};


void check2()
{
	int n;
	cin>>n;
	Box temp;
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
		int type;
		cin>>type;
		if(type ==1)
		{
			cout<<temp<<endl;
		}
		if(type == 2)
		{
			int l,b,h;
			cin>>l>>b>>h;
			Box NewBox(l,b,h);
			temp=NewBox;
			cout<<temp<<endl;
		}
		if(type==3)
		{
			int l,b,h;
			cin>>l>>b>>h;
			Box NewBox(l,b,h);
			if(NewBox<temp)
			{
				cout<<"Lesser\n";
			}
			else
			{
				cout<<"Greater\n";
			}
		}
		if(type==4)
		{
			cout<<temp.CalculateVolume()<<endl;
		}
		if(type==5)
		{
			Box NewBox(temp);
			cout<<NewBox<<endl;
		}

	}
}

int main()
{
	check2();
}

int main(){
		// Initialization of list
	    std::list<int> demo_list;

	    // Assigning the value 100, 5 times
	    // to the list, list_demo.
	    demo_list.assign(5, 100);

	    // Displaying the list
	    for (int itr : demo_list) {
	        std::cout << itr << " ";
	    }

	    return 0;
	}

#pragma once
#ifndef MYVEC_H
#define MYVEC_H
#include <iostream>
#include<algorithm>

template <typename T>
class Myvec
{
public:
	Myvec();
	Myvec(int& size);
	Myvec(int& size, T& value);
	~Myvec();
	void push_back(T& value);
	void pop();
	unsigned int get_size()const;
	T at(int& index)const;
	bool empty()const;
	void clear();
	void swap(Myvec& v);
	void print();
private:
	T* elements;
	int size;
	int capacity;
	void ensureCapacity();
};
template<typename T>
Myvec<T>::Myvec():size(0),capacity(16)
{
	elements = new T[capacity];
}
template<typename T>
Myvec<T>::Myvec(int& size)
{
	size = size;
}
template<typename T>
Myvec<T>::Myvec(int& size, T& vlaue)
{
	size = size;
	elements[0] = vlaue;
}
template<typename T>
Myvec<T>::~Myvec()
{
	delete[] elements;
}
template<typename T>
void Myvec<T>::push_back(T& value)
{
	ensureCapacity();
	elements[size++] = value;
}
template < typename T>
void Myvec<T>::ensureCapacity()
{
	if (size >= capacity)
	{
		T* old = elements;
		capacity = 2 * size;
		elements = new T[size * 2];

		for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
			elements[i] = old[i];

		delete[] old;
	}
}
template <typename T>
void Myvec<T>::pop()
{
	--size;
}
template <typename T>
unsigned int Myvec<T>::get_size()const
{
	return size;
}
template <typename T >
T Myvec<T>::at(int& index)const
{
	if(index < size)
		return elements[index];
}
template <typename T>
bool Myvec<T>::empty()const
{
	return size == 0;
}
template <typename T>
void Myvec<T>::clear()
{
	size = 0;
}
template <typename T>
void Myvec<T>::swap(Myvec& v)
{
	
	T* temp = new T[size];
	int s = this->size;
	for (int i = 0; i < s; i++)
	{
		temp[i] =this->elements[i];
	}
	
	this->clear();
	for (int i = 0; i < v.get_size(); i++)
	{
		this->push_back(v.elements[i]);
	}
	v.clear();
	for (int i = 0; i < s; i++)
	{
		v.push_back(temp[i]);
	}
	

	delete[]temp;
}
template<typename T>
void Myvec<T>::print()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
	{
		std::cout << this->at(i)<<" ";
	}
	std::cout << std::endl;
}
#endif // !MYVEC_H


#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include"Stack.h"
#include<algorithm>
#include "Myvec.h"

using namespace std;



int main()
{
	Myvec<int> v1;
	Myvec<int> v2;
	for (int i = 1; i < 50; i++)
	{
		v2.push_back(i);
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
	}
	

	v1.print();
	cout << endl;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
#define ll long long



int main()
{
	srand(time(0));
	const int SIZE = 10;
	string words[SIZE] = { "skinny","skinny","three","arrange",
	"discussion", "squeeze" ,"flowers","credit","matter","visit"};
	int random = rand() % SIZE;
	string s = words[random];
	string astrid_word("");
	
		astrid_word = s;
		for (int i = 0; i < astrid_word.length(); i++)
		{
			astrid_word[i] = '*';
		}
		char guess;
		int tries = 1;
		bool youWin = false;
		int miss = 0;
		while ( tries <= 20)
		{
			int flag = 0;
			cout << tries<<" enter your guess " << astrid_word<<" ";
			cin >> guess;
			for (int i = 0; i < astrid_word.length(); i++)
					{
				if (s.at(i) == guess)
				{
					if (s.at(i) == astrid_word.at(i))
					{
					cout <<"   "<< guess << " is already in the word\n";
					}
					else
					{
						astrid_word.at(i) = guess;
						flag = 1;
					}
				}
			}
			if (flag == 0)
				miss++;
			if (astrid_word == s)
			{
				youWin = true;
				cout << "the word is " << astrid_word<<endl;
				break;
			}
			tries++;
		}
		if (youWin == true)
		{
			cout << " -------------------------------- \n";
			cout << "|                                |\n";
			cout << "|                                |\n";
			cout << "|   (:CONGRATULATIONS YOU WIN(:  |\n";
			cout << "|                                |\n";
			cout << "|                                |\n";
			cout << " -------------------------------- \n";
			cout << "you tried " << tries << " times \n";
			cout << "you miss " << miss << " time\n";

		}
		else
		{
			cout << "the word is " << s << "): you loose ):";
		}
		
		
	
}

#include <iostream>

#include <string>
using namespace std;
#define ll long long



int intOfEnd(string& s)
{
	int start = s.find("ATG");
	int end1 = s.find("TAG", start);
	int end2 = s.find("TAA", start);
	int end3 = s.find("TGA", start);

	int list[3] = { end1,end2,end3 };
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
		{
			if (list[i] < list[j] && list[i] != string::npos)
				return list[i];
		}
	}
	
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		if (list[i] != string::npos)
			return list[i];
	}
	return 0;
	

}
int main()
{
	string s;
	cin >> s;
	
	
	string ans("");
	int l = 0;
	
	for (int j = 0; j < s.length(); j++)
	{
			int start = s.find("ATG");
			if ((start != string::npos && intOfEnd(s) != 0))
			{
				for (int i = start + 3; i < intOfEnd(s); i++)
				{
					ans += s[i];
				}
				cout << "gene "<<ans << endl;

				s.erase(start, 6);
				ans.clear();
				l++;
			}
			
	}
	if (l == 0)
		cout << "no gene found ";
}

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

bool  isConsecutiveFour(char grid[][7]) {

    // checking rows
    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
    {
        char current = grid[i][0];
        int rowCnsec = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < 7; j++)
        {
            if (current == grid[i][j] && grid[i][j] != ' ')
            {
                rowCnsec++;
                if (rowCnsec == 4) return true;
            }
            else
            {
                current = grid[i][j];
                rowCnsec = 1;
            }
        }
    }
    // check columns
    for (int j = 0; j < 7; j++)
    {
        char current = grid[0][j];
        int colConsec = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
        {
            if (current == grid[i][j] && grid[i][j] != ' ')
            {
                colConsec++;
                if (colConsec == 4) return true;
            }
            else
            {
                current = grid[i][j];
                colConsec = 1;
            }
        }
    }

    // check top Left side: going upright
    for (int i = 5; i >= 0 ; i--)
    {
        int consecutive = 0;
        int y = i;
        int x = 0;
        char current = grid[y][x];
        while (y >= 0)
        {
            if (grid[y][x] == current && grid[y][x] != ' ')
            {
                consecutive++;
                if (consecutive == 4) return true;
            }
            else
            {
                consecutive = 1;
                current = grid[y][x];
            }
            x++;
            y--;
        }

    }
    // check bottom right side: going upright
    for (int j = 0; j < 7; j++) {
        int y = 6 - 1;
        int x = j;
        int consecutive = 0;
        int current = grid[y][x];

        while (x < 6 && y >= 0) {

            if (grid[y][x] == current && grid[y][x] != ' ') {
                consecutive++;
                if (consecutive == 4) return true;
            }
            else {
                consecutive = 1;
                current = grid[y][x];
            }
            x++;
            y--;
        }

    }

    // check bottom left side going up-left
    for (int j = 7 - 1; j > 0; j--) {

        int x = j;
        int y = 6 - 1;
        int current = grid[y][x];
        int consecutiveCount = 0;

        while (x >= 0 && y >= 0) {

            if (grid[y][x] == current && grid[y][x] != ' ') {
                consecutiveCount++;
                if (consecutiveCount == 4) return true;
            }
            else {
                consecutiveCount = 1;
                current = grid[y][x];
            }

            x--;
            y--;
        }
    }
    // check bottom right side going up-left
    for (int row = 1; row < 6; row++) {
        int x = 7 - 1;
        int y = row;
        int consecutive = 0;
        int current = grid[y][x];

        while (y >= 0) {

            if (grid[y][x] == current && grid[y][x] != ' ') {
                consecutive++;
                if (consecutive == 4) return true;
            }
            else {
                consecutive = 1;
                current = grid[y][x];
            }
            x--;
            y--;
        }
    }
    return false;
}
// a function to show the grid
void show_grid(char grid[][7])
{
   
    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < 7; j++)
        {
            cout << "|" << grid[i][j];
        }
        cout << "|" << endl;
    }
}

void player1(char grid[][7], int x, int y)
{
    show_grid(grid);
    
    cout << "Drop a red disk at column (0–6): ";
    cin >> y;
    if (grid[x][y] == ' ')
        grid[x][y] = 'R';
    else {
        //make sure not to target the same row
        while (grid[x][y] != ' ')x--;
        grid[x][y] = 'R';
    }
}

void player2(char grid[][7],int x,int y)
{
    show_grid(grid);

    cout << "Drop a yellow disk at column (0–6): ";
    cin >> y;
    if (grid[x][y] == ' ')
        grid[x][y] = 'Y';
    else {
        //make sure not to target the same row
        while (grid[x][y] != ' ')x--;
        grid[x][y] = 'Y';
    }
       
}
//check if it's a draw
bool is_draw(char grid[][7])
{
    for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
    {
      int count{0};
        if (grid[0][i] != ' ' && grid[1][i] != ' ' && grid[2][i] != ' '
            && grid[3][i] != ' ' && grid[4][i] != ' ' && grid[5][i] != ' ')
            count++;
      if(count == 6)
        return true;
        return false;
    }
}
int main()
{
	char grid[6][7];	
    //fill the grid with blank space
    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < 7; j++)
        {
            grid[i][j] = ' ';
        }
    }
    //to check the winner
    bool winner1 = false;
    bool winner2 = false;

    while (!is_draw(grid))
    {
        int x{ 5 };
        int y{ 0 };
        player1(grid, x, y);
        if (isConsecutiveFour(grid))
        {
            winner1 = true;
            break;
        }
        player2(grid, x, y);
        if (isConsecutiveFour(grid))
        {
            winner2 = true;
            break;
        }
    }
    show_grid(grid);
    if (winner1 == true)
        cout << "player 1 wins ";
    else if (winner2 == true)
        cout << "player 2 wins ";
    else
        cout << "It's a draw ";

    
}

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;


bool  isConsecutiveFour(int values[][7]) {

    // checking rows
    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
       
        int current = values[i][0];
        int consecutiveCount = 0; // values[i][0] starts count

        for (int j = 0; j < 7; j++) {
            
            if (values[i][j] == current) {
                consecutiveCount++;
                if (consecutiveCount == 4) return true;
            }
            else {
                current = values[i][j];
                consecutiveCount = 1;
            }
        }
    }
    // check columns
    for (int j = 0; j < 7; j++) {
        
        int consecutiveCount = 0; // values[0][j] starts count
        int current = values[0][j];

        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {

            if (values[i][j] == current) {
                consecutiveCount++;
                if (consecutiveCount == 4) return true;
            }
            else {
                current = values[i][j];
                consecutiveCount = 1;
            }

        }
    }

    // check topLeft side: going upright
    for (int i = 6 - 1; i > 0; i--) {
        int y = i;
        int x = 0;
        int consecutive = 0;
        int current = values[y][x];

        while (y >= 0) {
           
            if (values[y][x] == current) {
                consecutive++;
                if (consecutive == 4) return true;
            }
            else {
                consecutive = 1;
                current = values[y][x];
            }
            x++;
            y--;
        }
    }

    // check bottom right side: going upright
    for (int j = 0; j < 7; j++) {
        int y = 6 - 1;
        int x = j;
        int consecutive = 0;
        int current = values[y][x];

        while (x < 6 && y >= 0) {
            
            if (values[y][x] == current) {
                consecutive++;
                if (consecutive == 4) return true;
            }
            else {
                consecutive = 1;
                current = values[y][x];
            }
            x++;
            y--;
        }

    }

    // check bottom left side going up-left
    for (int j = 7 - 1; j > 0; j--) {

        int x = j;
        int y = 6 - 1;
        int current = values[y][x];
        int consecutiveCount = 0;

        while (x >= 0 && y >= 0) {

            if (values[y][x] == current) {
                consecutiveCount++;
                if (consecutiveCount == 4) return true;
            }
            else {
                consecutiveCount = 1;
                current = values[y][x];
            }

            x--;
            y--;
        }
    }
    // check bottom right side going up-left
    for (int row = 1; row < 6; row++) {
        int x = 7 - 1;
        int y = row;
        int consecutive = 0;
        int current = values[y][x];

        while (y >= 0) {
            
            if (values[y][x] == current) {
                consecutive++;
                if (consecutive == 4) return true;
            }
            else {
                consecutive = 1;
                current = values[y][x];
            }
            x--;
            y--;
        }

    }
    return false;
}






// Driver code
int main()
{
    int m[6][7];
    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < 7; j++)
            cin >> m[i][j];
    if (isConsecutiveFour(m) == true)
        cout << "true";
    else 
        cout << "false";
  
}

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;




void decToBinary(int n)
{
    // array to store binary number 
    int binaryNum[3][3];
    
    //converting to binary 
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) 
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
        {
            binaryNum[i][j] = n % 2;
            n = n / 2;

        }
     }       

    // printing binary> array in reverse order 
    for (int i = 3-1; i >= 0; i--){
        for (int j = 3 - 1; j >= 0; j--)
        {
            if (binaryNum[i][j] == 0)
                cout << "H" << " ";
            else
                cout << "T" << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
    
 }

int main()
{
    int n;
    cout << "Enter a decimal number between 1 and 512 ";
    cin >> n;

    decToBinary(n);
    return 0;
}

//(Financial application: compute tax) Rewrite Listing 3.3, ComputeTax.cpp,
//using arrays. For each filing status, there are six tax rates. Each rate is applied
//to a certain amount of taxable income. For example, from the taxable income
//of $400,000 for a single filer, $8,350 is taxed at 10%, (33,950–8,350) at 15%,
//(82,250–33,950) at 25%, (171,550–82,550) at 28%, (372,550–82,250) at
//33%, and (400,000–372,950) at 36%. The six rates are the same for all filing
//statuses, which can be represented in the following array:
//double rates[] = {0.10, 0.15, 0.25, 0.28, 0.33, 0.36};
//The brackets for each rate for all the filing statuses can be represented in a twodimensional array as follows:
//i//nt brackets[4][5] =
//{
// {8350, 33950, 82250, 171550, 372950}, // Single filer
// //{16700, 67900, 137050, 20885, 372950}, // Married jointly
 // or qualifying
 // widow(er)
// {8350, 33950, 68525, 104425, 186475}, // Married separately
// {11950, 45500, 117450, 190200, 372950} // Head of household
//};
//Suppose the taxable income is $400,000 for single filers. The tax can be computed
//as follows:
//tax = brackets[0][0] * rates[0] +
// (brackets[0][1] – brackets[0][0]) * rates[1] +
 //(brackets[0][2] – brackets[0][1]) * rates[2] +
// (brackets[0][3] – brackets[0][2]) * rates[3] +
// (brackets[0][4] – brackets[0][3]) * rates[4] +
// (400000 – brackets[0][4]) * rates[5]


#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

double computeTax(int brackets[][5], double rates[],
    int status, double income);
int getStatus();


// Driver code
int main()
{
    double rates[] = { 0.10, 0.15, 0.25, 0.28, 0.33, 0.36 };

    int brackets[4][5] =
    {
     {8350, 33950, 82250, 171550, 372950}, // Single filer
     {16700, 67900, 137050, 20885, 372950}, // Married jointly
     // or qualifying
     // widow(er)
     {8350, 33950, 68525, 104425, 186475}, // Married separately
     {11950, 45500, 117450, 190200, 372950} // Head of household
    };
    
     cout << "(1-single filer, 2-married jointly, "
         << "or qualifying widow(er), " << endl
         << "3-married separately, 4-head of household)" << endl
         << "Enter the filing status: ";
     int status = getStatus();
 cout<< "Enter the taxable income: ";
 double income;
 cin >> income;
    cout << "The tax for your income " << income << " is " << computeTax(brackets, rates, status, income);
}

double computeTax(int brackets[][5], double rates[],
    int status, double income) {
    double tax = 0, incomeTaxed = 0;
    for (int i = 4; i >= 0; i--) {
        if (income > brackets[status][i])
            tax += (incomeTaxed = income - brackets[status][i]) * rates[i + 1];
        income -= incomeTaxed;
    }
    return tax += brackets[status][0] * rates[0];
}
int getStatus() {
   
    int status;
    do {
        cin >> status;
        if (status < 0 || status > 3)
            cout<<"Error: invalid status";
    } while (status < 0 || status > 3);
    return status;
}

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;


void sortRowWise(int m[][4],
    int r, int c)
{
    // loop for rows of matrix
    for (int i = 0; i < r; i++)
    {
        // loop for column of matrix
        for (int j = 0; j < c; j++)
        {
            // loop for comparison and swapping
            for (int k = 0; k < c - j - 1; k++)
            {
                if (m[i][k] > m[i][k + 1])
                {
                    // swapping of elements
                    swap(m[i][k], m[i][k + 1]);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // printing the sorted matrix
    for (int i = 0; i < r; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < c; j++)
            cout << m[i][j] << " ";
        cout << endl;
    }
}

// Driver code
int main()
{
    int m[4][4];
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
        {
            cin >> m[i][j];
        }
    }
    int r = sizeof(m[0]) / sizeof(m[0][0]);
    int c = sizeof(m) / sizeof(m[0]);
    sortRowWise(m, r, c);
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int octal2Dec(string& octal);
bool validity(int number);
int stringToNum(string number);
int bin2Dec(int binNumber);
int dec2octal(const string& number);



void readASolution(int grid[][9]);
 bool isValid(const int grid[][9]);
 bool isValid(int i, int j, const int grid[][9]);

 int main()
{
	 // Read a Sudoku puzzle
		 int grid[9][9];
	 readASolution(grid);
	
		 cout << (isValid(grid) ? "Valid solution" : "Invalid solution");
	
		 return 0;
		 system("pause");
 }

 // Read a Sudoku puzzle from the keyboard
 void readASolution(int grid[][9])
 {
	 cout << "Enter a Sudoku puzzle:" << endl;
	 for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++)
		 for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++)
		 cin >> grid[i][j];
 }
 bool isValid(const int grid[][9])
	 {
	  for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) 
		  for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++)
		  if (grid[i][j] < 1 || grid[i][j] > 9 ||
			  !isValid(i, j, grid))
		  return false;
	 
		  return true; // The fixed cells are valid
 }
 
	  // Check whether grid[i][j] is valid in the grid
 bool isValid(int i, int j, const int grid[][9])
 {
	 // Check whether grid[i][j] is valid at the i's row
	 for (int column = 0; column < 9; column++)
		 if (column != j && grid[i][column] == grid[i][j])
			 return false;

	 // Check whether grid[i][j] is valid at the j's column
	 for (int row = 0; row < 9; row++)
		 if (row != i && grid[row][j] == grid[i][j])
			 return false;

	 // Check whether grid[i][j] is valid in the 3-by-3 box
	 for (int row = (i / 3) * 3; row < (i / 3) * 3 + 3; row++)
		 for (int col = (j / 3) * 3; col < (j / 3) * 3 + 3; col++)
			 if (row != i && col != j && grid[row][col] == grid[i][j])
				 return false;

	 return true; // The current value at grid[i][j] is valid
 }

USTRUCT()
struct FMapRow {
	GENERATED_BODY()

		UPROPERTY()
		TArray<int8> Columns;

	FORCEINLINE int8& operator[] (int32 j)
	{
		return Columns[j];
	}

	void SetGridBase(int8 Block, int32 y)
	{
		Columns[y] = Block;
	}

	void AddNewColumn()
	{
		Columns.Add(0);
	}

	FMapRow()
	{

	}
};

USTRUCT() 
struct FMapLayer {
	GENERATED_BODY()

		UPROPERTY()
		TArray<FMapRow> Rows;

	FORCEINLINE FMapRow& operator[] (int32 i)
	{
		return Rows[i];
	}

	void AddNewRow()
	{
		Rows.Add(FMapRow());
	}

	void AddUninitialized(const int32 RowCount, const int32 ColCount)
	{
		Clear();
		//Add Rows
		for (int32 v = 0; v < RowCount; v++)
		{
			AddNewRow();
		}

		//Add Columns
		for (int32 v = 0; v < RowCount; v++)
		{
			for (int32 b = 0; b < ColCount; b++)
			{
				Rows[v].AddNewColumn();
			}
		}
	}

	void Clear()
	{
		if (Rows.Num() <= 0) return;
		//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

		//Destroy any Actors
		const int32 RowTotal = Rows.Num();
		const int32 ColTotal = Rows[0].Columns.Num();

		//Empty
		for (int32 v = 0; v < Rows.Num(); v++)
		{
			Rows[v].Columns.Empty();
		}
		Rows.Empty();
	}

	TTuple<int32, int32> NumLayerDimensions()
	{
		return TTuple<int32, int32>(Rows.Num(), Rows[0].Columns.Num());
	}

	//default properties
	FMapLayer()
	{

	}

	FMapLayer(int32 Rows, int32 Cols) 
	{
		AddUninitialized(Rows, Cols);
	}
};

USTRUCT()
struct FMapSector {
	GENERATED_BODY()

	UPROPERTY()
	TArray<FMapLayer> Layers;

	FORCEINLINE FMapLayer& operator[] (int32 i)
	{
		return Layers[i];
	}

	void AddNewLayer()
	{
		Layers.Add(FMapLayer());
	}

	void AddUnitialized(int32 LayerCount, int32 RowCount, int32 ColCount)
	{
		Clear();
		// Add Layers
		for (int32 l = 0; l < LayerCount; l++)
		{
			AddNewLayer();
		}

		// Add Rows
		for (int32 l = 0; l < LayerCount; l++)
		{
			for (int32 r = 0; r < RowCount; r++)
			{
				Layers[l].AddNewRow();
			}
		}

		// Add Rows
		for (int32 l = 0; l < LayerCount; l++)
		{
			for (int32 r = 0; r < RowCount; r++)
			{
				for (int32 c = 0; c < ColCount; c++)
				{
					Layers[l].Rows[r].AddNewColumn();
				}
			}
		}
	}

	void Clear()
	{
		if (Layers.Num() <= 0) return;
		//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

		//Destroy any Actors
		const int32 LayerTotal = Layers.Num();
		const int32 RowTotal = Layers[0].Rows.Num();
		const int32 ColTotal = Layers[0].Rows[0].Columns.Num();


		//Empty
		for (int32 l = 0; l < LayerTotal; l++)
		{
			for (int32 r = 0; r < RowTotal; r++)
			{
				Layers[l].Rows[r].Columns.Empty();
			}
		}
		for (int32 l = 0; l < LayerTotal; l++)
		{
			Layers[l].Rows.Empty();
		}

		Layers.Empty();
	}

	FMapSector()
	{
		AddUnitialized(3, 3, 3);
	}

	FMapSector(int32 size)
	{
		AddUnitialized(size, size, size);
	}

	FMapSector(int32 Layers, int32 Rows, int32 Cols)
	{
		AddUnitialized(Layers, Rows, Cols);
	}
};

#include <iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

void partisons(int list[], int listSize);


int main() 
{
	const int size1 = 6;
	
	
	int list1[size1];
	for (int i = 0; i <size1 ; i++)
	{
		cin >> list1[i];
	}
	 selectionSort(list1, size1);

	
	for (int i = 0; i < size1; i++)
	{
		cout << list1[i] << " ";
	}

	
}

void partisons(int list[], int listSize)
{
    int first = 0;
    int low = first + 1;
    int high = listSize - 1;
    int pivot = list[first];

    while (high > low) {

        while (low <= high && list[low] <= pivot)
        {
            low++;
        }
        while (low <= high && list[high] > pivot)
        {
            high--;
        }
        if (high > low) {
            int temp = list[high];
            list[high] = list[low];
            list[low] = temp;
        }
    }

    while (high >= low && list[high] >= pivot) high--;

    if (high > first) {
        int temp = list[high];
        list[high] = list[first];
        list[first] = temp;
        
    }
    
	 }
	
	

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int sum(int arr[], int a);

int main() {
    int arr[1000], n;
    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        cin >> arr[i];
        cout << sum(arr, n);
    }
}
int sum(int arr[], int a) {
    int i;
    sum = 0;
    for (i=0; i<n; ++i) {
        sum += arr[i];
    }
    return sum;
}#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int sum(int arr[], int a);

int main() {
    int arr[1000], n;
    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        cin >> arr[i];
        cout << sum(arr, n);
    }
}
int sum(int arr[], int a) {
    int i;
    sum = 0;
    for (i=0; i<n; ++i) {
        sum += arr[i];
    }
    return sum;
}

"For Loop": {
    "prefix": "for",
    "body": [
        "for (var ${index} = 0; ${index} < ${array}.length; ${index}++) {",
        "\tvar ${element} = ${array}[${index}];",
        "\t$0",
        "}"
    ],
    "description": "For Loop"
},

#include <iostream>
#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;
void eightQueens(char board[], int size);
void shuffle(char list[], int size);
int linearSearch(char list[], char key, int arraySize);
int linearSearchInt(int list[], int key, int arraySize);




const int SIZE = 8;
int main()
{	char board[SIZE];

	srand(unsigned( time(0)));
	int x = rand()%SIZE;
	for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
	{
		if (i == x)
			board[i] = 'Q';
		else
			board[i] = ' ';
	}
		eightQueens(board, SIZE);
}
void eightQueens(char board[],int size)
{
	int count = 0, vale, test[SIZE];
	for (int i = 0; i < size ; i++)
	{
		 vale = linearSearch(board, 'Q', size);
		 bool flage = true;
		 
		for (int j = 0; j < count;j++)
		{
			if (test[j] == vale)
				flage = false;
		}
		if (flage == true)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j < size; j++)
			{
				cout  << "|";
				cout << board[j];
			}
			test[count] = vale;
			count++;
			shuffle(board, size);
		}
		else
		{
			int n = 0;
			for (int j = 0; j < 100; j++)
			{
				shuffle(board, size);
				if (linearSearchInt(test, linearSearch(board, 'Q', size), size) == -1)
				{
					n = linearSearch(board, 'Q', size);
					test[count] = n;
					count++;
					break;
				}
			}
			for (int j = 0; j < SIZE; j++)
			{
				if (j == n)
					board[j] = 'Q';
				else
					board[j] = ' ';
			}
			for (int j = 0; j < size; j++)
			{
				cout << "|";
				cout << board[j] ;
			}
			

		}
		cout <<'|'<< endl;
	}
	
}

int linearSearch( char list[], char key, int arraySize)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < arraySize; i++)
	{
			if (key == list[i])
				return i;
	}
	return -1;
}
int linearSearchInt(int list[], int key, int arraySize)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < arraySize; i++)
	{
		if (key == list[i])
			return i;
	}
	return -1;
}
void shuffle(char list[], int size)
{
	
	for (int i = size - 1; i > 0; i--)
	{
		// Generate an index j randomly with 0 <= j <=i
		int j = rand() % (i + 1);
		// Swap myList[i] with myList[j]
		char temp = list[i];
		list[i] = list[j];
			list[j] = temp;
	}
}



	
	

 int list[LIMIT], i, j, val, count, flag, test[LIMIT], c = 0;
    //enter the values
    for (i = 0; i < LIMIT; i++)
    {
        cout << "Enter The Elements : ";
        cin >> list[i];
        if (list[i] == 0)
            break;
    }
    //count the occurence of each value
    for (j = 0; j < LIMIT; j++)
    {
        count = 0;
        flag = 1;
        val = list[j];
        //counts each value's occurence and if the value is 0 break
        for (i = 0; i < LIMIT; i++)
        {
            if (val == list[i])
                count++;
            else if (list[i] == 0)
                break;
        }
        //checks whether the value has been already counted (flag = 0) or not (flag stays 1)
        for (i = 0; i < c; i++)
        {
            if (test[i] == val)
                flag = 0;
        }
        //if the value has not been counted print 
        if (flag == 1)
        {

            cout << "The Occurence Of The Number " << val << " is " << count << endl;
            test[c] = val;
            c++;
        }

    }

#include<iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cctype>
#include<ctffunc.h>
using namespace std;

void enterLetters(char list[], int limit);
void countVandCLetters(char list[], int limit);



const int LIMIT = 100;


int main()
{
	char letters[LIMIT];

	enterLetters(letters, LIMIT);
	countVandCLetters(letters, LIMIT);
    
}
void enterLetters(char list[], int limit)
{
	
	for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++)
	{
		cin >> list[i];
		if (list[i] == '0')
			break;
	}
}
void countVandCLetters(char list[], int limit)
{
	int vowel = 0;
	int Consonant = 0;
	char vowels[] = { 'a','e','o','u','i' };
	char Consonants[] = { 'b','c','d','f','g','h','j','k','l','m','n','p','q','r','s','t','v','w','x','y','z' };
	
	for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++)
	{
		if (IsCharUpperA(list[i]))
			list[i] = list[i] + 32;
		
		for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
		{
			if (list[i] == vowels[j])
				vowel++;
		}
		for (int j = 0; j < 21; j++)
		{
			
			if (list[i] == Consonants[j])
				Consonant++;
		}
		
		
	}
	
		cout << "Number Of vowels Letters is " << vowel << endl;
		cout << "Number Of Consonants Letters is " << Consonant << endl;
	
}

 
#include<iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
void selectionSort(double list[], int listSize);
int main()
{
    double list[] = { 3.4, 5, 3, 3.5, 2.2, 1.9, 2 };

    selectionSort(list, 7);
    for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
    {
        cout << list[i]<<" ";
    }
}
//decreasing order
void selectionSort(double list[], int listSize)
{
    for (int i = listSize-1; i >= 0 ; i--)
    {
        double currentMax = list[i];
        int currentMaxIndex = i;
        for (int j = i - 1; j >= 0; j--)
        {
            if (currentMax < list[j])
            {
                currentMax = list[j];
                currentMaxIndex = j;
            }
        }
            if (currentMaxIndex != i)
            {
                list[currentMaxIndex] = list[i];
                list[i] = currentMax;
            }
   
    }
}
//increasing order
void selectionSort(double list[], int listSize)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < listSize - 1; i++)
    {
        double currentMin = list[i];
        int currentMinIndex = i;
        for (int j = i + 1; j < listSize; j++)
        {
            if (currentMin > list[j])
            {
                currentMin = list[j];
                currentMinIndex = j;
            }
        }
            if (currentMinIndex != i)
            {
                list[currentMinIndex] = list[i];
                list[i] = currentMin;
            }
        
    }
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;
ll cs=0;
ll tab[500000][20];
void spar(ll a[],ll n)
{
    ll i,j;
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
        tab[i][0]=a[i];
    for(j=1;(1<<j)<=n;j++)
    {
        for(i=0;i+(1<<(j-1))-1<n;i++)
            tab[i][j]=__gcd(tab[i][j-1],tab[i+(1<<(j-1))][j-1]);
    }
}
ll qry(ll a,ll b)
{
    ll j=log2(b-a+1);
    return __gcd(tab[a][j],tab[b-(1<<j)+1][j]);
}
void sol()
{
    ll n,m,i,sum=0;
    cin>>n>>m;
    ll a[n];
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
        cin>>a[i];
    spar(a,n);
    for(i=0;i+m-1<n;i++)
        sum+=qry(i,i+m-1);
    cout<<sum;
}
int main()
{
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(NULL);
    //ll t;
    //cin>>t;
    //while(t--)
    sol();
    return 0;
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;
ll cs=0;
struct duo
{
    ld x,F,S;
};
bool sim(duo a,duo b)
{
    if(a.F==b.F||a.F==b.S||a.S==b.F||a.S==b.S)
        return 1;
    return 0;
}
void sol()
{
    cout.precision(11);
    cout<<fixed;
    ll n,i,k;
    cin>>n;
    ld a[n],vl,ans=0;
    duo low[3],h[3];
    for(i=0; i<3; i++)
        low[i].x=INT_MAX;
    for(i=0; i<n; i++)
        cin>>a[i];
    sort(a,a+n);
    for(i=0; i<3; i++)
    {
        h[i].F=a[n-1-i];
        h[i].S=a[n-2-i];
    }
    for(i=0; i<n-1; i++)
    {
        vl=abs(a[i]-a[i+1]);
        for(k=0; k<3; k++)
        {
            if(vl<low[k].x)
            {
                ll j=k;
                for(j=2; j>=k+1; j--)
                {
                    low[j].x=low[j-1].x;
                    low[j].F=low[j-1].F;
                    low[j].S=low[j-1].S;
                }
                low[k].x=vl;
                low[k].F=a[i];
                low[k].S=a[i+1];
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    for(i=0;i<3;i++)
    {
        for(k=0;k<3;k++)
        {
            if(!sim(h[i],low[k]))
                ans=fmax(ans,(h[i].F+h[i].S)/low[k].x);
        }
    }
    cout<<ans;

}
int main()
{
    //ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    //cin.tie(NULL);
    //ll t;
    //cin>>t;
    //while(t--)
    sol();
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>
// CPP program to check if a string is 
// substring of other. 

using namespace std;

// Returns true if s1 is substring of s2 
int isSubstring(string s1, string s2)
{
	int M = s1.length();
	int N = s2.length();

	/* A loop to slide pat[] one by one */
	for (int i = 0; i <= N - M; i++) {
		int j;

		/* For current index i, check for
pattern match */
		for (j = 0; j < M; j++)
			if (s2[i + j] != s1[j])
				break;

		if (j == M)
			return i;
	}

	return -1;
}

/* Driver program to test above function */
int main()
{
	string s1 ,s2 ;
	getline(cin, s1);
	getline(cin, s2);
	int res = isSubstring(s1, s2);
	if (res == -1)
		cout << "Not present";
	else
		cout << "Present at index " << res;
	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int octal2Dec(string& octal);
bool validity(int number);
int stringToNum(string number);
int bin2Dec(int binNumber);
int dec2octal(const string& number);




int main()
{
	string binNumber;
	getline(cin, binNumber);
	cout << dec2octal(binNumber);
	return 0;
}
int dec2octal(const string& number)
{
	int binNumber = stringToNum(number);
	int decimalNumber = bin2Dec(binNumber);
	int octal = 0, placeValue = 1;
	while (decimalNumber != 0)
	{
		octal += (decimalNumber % 8) * placeValue;
		decimalNumber /= 8;
		placeValue *= 10;
	}
	return octal;
}

int bin2Dec(int binNumber)
{
	int digits, decimal = 0, count = 0, bin = binNumber;
	while (bin != 0)
	{
		digits = bin % 10;
		  decimal += digits* pow(2,count);

		  bin /= 10;
		count++;
		
	}
	return decimal;
}
int stringToNum(string binNumber)
{
	int convertedNumber = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < binNumber.length(); i++)
	{
		
		convertedNumber = (convertedNumber * 10) + static_cast<int>(binNumber[i] - '0');
	}
	return convertedNumber;
}

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int octal2Dec(string& octal);
bool validity(int number);
int stringToNum(string number);


int main()
{
	string number;
	getline (cin , number);

	
	cout << octal2Dec(number);
	return 0;
}

int octal2Dec(string& octal)
{
	int digits, decimal = 0, count = 0,oct = stringToNum(octal);
	while (oct != 0)
	{
	
		digits = oct % 10;
		if(validity(digits) == true)
		  decimal += digits* pow(8,count);
		else
		{
			return NAN;
		}
		oct /= 10;
		count++;
		
	}
	return decimal;
}
bool validity(int number)
{
	return number % 8 == 0 || number % 9 == 0? false : true;
		
}
int stringToNum(string number)
{
	int convertedNumber = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < number.length(); i++)
	{
		convertedNumber = (convertedNumber * 10) + static_cast<int>(number[i] - '0');
	}
	return convertedNumber;
}

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;




string format(int number, int width);
int numberWidthF(int number);

int main()
{

	
	int number,width;
	cin >> number >> width;
	cout << format(number, width);
	
}
string format(int number, int width)
{
	string zeros = " ";
	string num = to_string(number);
	
	int numberWidth = numberWidthF(number);
	
	for (int  i = 1; i <= width-numberWidth; i++)
	{
		zeros += "0";
	}
	return zeros+num;
}
int numberWidthF(int number)
{
	int digits, numberWidth = 0;
	while (number != 0)
	{
		digits = number % 10;
		number /= 10;
		numberWidth++;
	}
	return numberWidth;
}

cout << "Machine ID: ";
	//WHILE LOOP: check whether Machine ID is in numeric
	while(!(cin >> machineID)){
		//display error message
		cout << "ERROR! Invalid Machine ID! Please try again..." << endl;
		cout << "Machine ID: ";
		
		cin.clear(); //clear previous user input
		cin.ignore(INT_MAX, '\n'); //discard previous user input
	}

//	optionMenu = getMenuOption();
//	
//	while(optionMenu > -1){
//		switch(optionMenu){
//			case 1:
//				addJob(h, j);
//				break;
//			
//			case 2:
//				retrieveJob(h, j);
//				break;
//				
//			case 3:
//				cout << "Option 3..." << endl;
//				break;
//				
//			case 4:
//				cout << "Option 4..." << endl;
//				break;
//			
//			case 5:
//				cout << "Bye!";
//				exit(0); //terminate program
//				break;
//				
//			default:
//				cout << "ERROR! Invalid option! Please try again..." << endl;
//				break;
//		}
//		
//		optionMenu = getMenuOption();
//	}


int getMenuOption(){
	int menuOption=0;
		
	cout << "Please enter number to select: ";
	cin >> menuOption;
	
	//error check
	while(!cin.good()){
		//report problem when user input in not numeric
		cout << "ERROR! Faulty input! Please try again..." << endl;
		
		//clear stream
		cin.clear();
		cin.ignore(INT_MAX, '\n');
		
		//get input again
		cout << "Please enter number to select: ";
		cin >> menuOption;
	}
	
	//clear stream
	cin.clear();
	cin.ignore(INT_MAX, '\n');
		
	return menuOption;
}

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;



double avgOfEvenPlaces(int number);
int reversal(int n);


int main()
{
	
	int number;
	cin >> number;
	cout << fixed<<setprecision(3)<<avgOfEvenPlaces(reversal(number));
}
double  avgOfEvenPlaces(int n)
{
	
	int digit, count = 1.0, countOfEven = 0.0;
	double sumOfEven = 0.0;
	while (n != 0)
	{
		digit = n % 10;
		n /= 10;
		
		if (count % 2 == 0)
		{
		  
			sumOfEven += digit; 
			countOfEven++;
		}
			count++;
	}
	
		return  sumOfEven / countOfEven;
	
}
int reversal(int n)
{
	int digits, revers = 0.0;
	while (n != 0)
	{
		digits = n % 10;
		revers = revers * 10 + digits;
		n /= 10;
	}
	return revers;
 }

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;



double sqrt(int n);


int main()
{
	
	long n;
	cin >> n;
	cout << "the approximated sqrt of the number " << n << " is " << sqrt(n);
}
double sqrt(long n)
{
	double lastGuess = 1;
	double nextGuess = (lastGuess + n / lastGuess) / 2;

	while (nextGuess - lastGuess > 0.0001)
	{
		nextGuess = lastGuess;
		(lastGuess + (n / lastGuess)) / 2;
	}
	lastGuess = nextGuess;
	return nextGuess = (lastGuess + n / lastGuess) / 2;

}

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;


bool primeNumber(int n);
bool additivePrime(int n);
int sumOfDigits(int n);



int main()
{
	
	int count = 0;
	int number = 13;
	cout << setw(3) << "Prime number" << setw(20) << "Sum of its digits" << endl;
	for (int i = 2; i <= 70; i++)
	{
		if (primeNumber(i) && additivePrime(i))
			cout <<setw(1)<< i<<setw(15)<<sumOfDigits(i)<<endl;
	}
		

}
bool primeNumber(int n) {
	
		for (int i = 2; i <= n / 2; i++) {
			
			if (n % i == 0) {

				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
}

bool additivePrime(int n)
{
	
	if (primeNumber(sumOfDigits(n)))
		return true;
	else
		return false;
}
int sumOfDigits(int n)
{
	int sum = 0, digit = 0;
	while (n != 0)
	{
		digit = n % 10;
		sum += digit;
		n /= 10;
	}
	return sum;
}






	
   

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;


bool primeNumber(int n);
bool Emirp(int n);
int reversal(int n);
int recursive(int a, int b);

int main()
{
	
	int count = 0;
	int number = 13;
	while (count <= 100)
	{
		if (Emirp(number))
		{
			count++;
			if (count % 10 == 0)
				cout << setw(7) << number << endl;
			else
				cout << setw(7) << number;
		}
		number++;
	}
		

}
bool primeNumber(int n) {
	
		for (int i = 2; i <= n / 2; i++) {
			
			if (n % i == 0) {

				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
}

bool Emirp(int n) {
	

	return primeNumber(n) && primeNumber(reversal(n));
	
}

int reversal(int n) {
	
		if (n < 10) {
			
				return n;
			
		}
		return recursive(n % 10, n / 10);
	
}

int recursive(int a, int b) {

	if (b < 1) {

		return a;

	}
	return recursive(a * 10 + b % 10, b / 10);
	
}



	
   

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;
bool isEven(int number);
bool isPalindrom(int number);

int main()
{
	
	int count = 0, number = 1;
	
	while (count <= 50)
	{

		if(isEven(number) == true && isPalindrom(number) == true)
		{
			count++;
			if (count % 5 == 0)
				cout << setw(8) << number << endl;
			else
				cout << setw(8) << number;
		}
		number++;
	}
	
		
	

}

bool isEven(int number)
{
	if (number % 2 == 0)
		return true;
	else
		return false;
	
}
bool isPalindrom(int number)
{
	int reverse = 0, rem = 0;
	int num = number;
	while (number != 0)
	{
		rem = number % 10;
		reverse = reverse * 10 + rem;
		number /= 10;
	}
	if (reverse == num)
		return true;
	else
		return false;
}


	
   

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

bool isArmstrong(int n);
int reversNumber(int n);
void isReversedArmstrong(int n);

int main()
{
	cout << "Enter first integer: ";
	int n1;
	cin >> n1;
	isReversedArmstrong(n1);
	

}

bool isArmstrong(int n)
{
	int temp = 0,armstrong, total = 0;
	armstrong = n;
	while (armstrong != 0)
	{
		temp = armstrong % 10;
		total += pow(temp, 3);
		armstrong /= 10;
	}
	if (total == n)
		return true;
	else
		return false;
 }
int reversNumber(int n)
{
	int reverse = 0, rem = 0;
	while (n != 0)
	{
		rem = n % 10;
		reverse = reverse * 10 + rem;
		n /= 10;
	}
	return reverse;
}
void isReversedArmstrong(int n)
{
	if (isArmstrong(n))
	{
		if(isArmstrong(reversNumber(n)))
			cout << "the Reversed "<< reversNumber(n)<<" number IS an Armstrong number ";
		else
			cout << "the Reversed " << reversNumber(n) << " number is NOT Armstrong number ";
	}
	else
		cout << "the number entered is NOT Armstrong number ";

}


	
   

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int LCM(int n1, int n2);

int main()
{
	cout << "Enter first integer: ";
	 int n1;
	 cin >> n1;
	
		 cout << "Enter second integer: ";
	 int n2;
	 cin >> n2;
	
	
	
		cout << "Least Common Multiple for " << n1 <<
			" and " << n2 << " is " << LCM(n1,n2)<< endl;
}

 int LCM(int n1, int n2)
 {
	 int lcm = 1; 
	 int max = (n1 > n2) ? n1 : n2;
	
		 while (true)
		 {
			 if (max % n1 ==0 && max % n2 == 0)
			 {
				 lcm = max;
				 break;
			 }
			 else
				 max++;

		 }
	
		return lcm; // Return gcd
	 }




	
   

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;


int compute_profit(int quantity);

int main()
{
	int quantity = 1000;
	cout << "Quantity " << setw(9) << "Profit-per-item (in $)"<<endl;
    for ( ; quantity <= 10000; quantity+=1000)
    {
            cout<<quantity<< setw(9)<<compute_profit(quantity)<<endl;
    }
   
}
int compute_profit(int quantity)
{
    int profit = 0;
   

   
    if (quantity < 1000)
        profit += quantity; // * 1
    else
    {
        profit += 1000;
        quantity -= 1000;
        if (quantity < 4000)
            profit += quantity * 2;
        else
        {
            profit += 8000; // 4000 * 2
            quantity -= 4000;
            profit += quantity * 5;
        }
    }
    
    return profit;
}

// access v1 by copy 
[v1]() { 
	for (auto p = v1.begin(); p != v1.end(); p++) { 
		cout << *p << " "; 
	} 
}; 

/**
   SHAMI AL BASHAR PROTHOY
   PRESIDENCY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
**/

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define csee "Case "<<cs<<": "
typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;
#define B begin()
#define E end()
#define F first
#define S second
#define pb push_back
#define pp pop_back
#define ins insert
#define vi vector
#define ins insert
const ld pi=2*acos(0.0);
ll T,cs=1;
vi<ll>coins;
struct tim
{
    ll s,f;
};
bool cmp(tim a,tim b)
{
    if(a.s!=b.s)return a.s<b.s;
    return a.f<b.f;
}
/**
THINK TWICE,
      CODE ONCE
**/

void sol(ll cs)
{
   ll n,i,sum=1,j;
   cin>>n;
   tim t;
   vector<tim>v;
   for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    cin>>t.f>>t.s,v.pb(t);
   sort(v.B,v.E,cmp);//if time ain't sorted
   j=0;
   for(ll i=1;i<n;i++)
   {
       if(v[i].f>=v[j].s)sum++,j=i;
   }
   cout<<sum<<"\n";
}
//CODE
int main()
{
    //freopen("inp.txt","r",stdin)
    scanf("%lld",&T);
    while(T--)
        sol(cs++);
    return 0;
}

/**
   SHAMI AL BASHAR PROTHOY
   PRESIDENCY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
**/

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define csee "Case "<<cs<<": "
typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;
#define B begin()
#define E end()
#define F first
#define S second
#define pb push_back
#define pp pop_back
#define ins insert
#define vi vector
#define ins insert
const ld pi=2*acos(0.0);
ll T,cs=1;
struct pt
{
    ll x,y,t;
};
/**
THINK TWICE,
      CODE ONCE
**/
void show(vi<ll>&v)
{
    for(auto it:v)cout<<it<<' ';
    cout<<"\n";
}
vi<ll> filsub(vi<ll>v)
{
    vi<ll>temp;
    ll i,j,n=v.size(),sum;
    for(i=0;i<(1<<n);i++)
    {
        sum=0;
        for(j=0;j<n;j++)
        {
            if(i&(1<<j))
                sum+=v[j];
        }
        temp.pb(sum);
    }
    return temp;
}
void sol(ll cs)
{
    vi<ll>v,va,vb;
    ll n,i,a,k;
    cin>>n>>k;
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)cin>>a,v.pb(a);
    va.assign(v.B,v.E-n/2);
    vb.assign(v.B+(n+1)/2,v.E);
    sort(va.B,va.E);
    sort(vb.B,vb.E);
    va=filsub(va);
    vb=filsub(vb);
    bool bl=false;
    for(i=0;i<va.size();i++)
    {
        if(binary_search(vb.B,vb.E,k-va[i]))
        {
            bl=true;
            break;
        }
    }
    cout<<csee<<((bl)?"Yes":"No")<<"\n";
}
//CODE
int main()
{
    //freopen("inp.txt","r",stdin)
    scanf("%lld",&T);
    while(T--)
        sol(cs++);
    return 0;
}

/**
   SHAMI AL BASHAR PROTHOY
   PRESIDENCY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
**/

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define csee "Case "<<cs<<": "
typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;
#define B begin()
#define E end()
#define F first
#define S second
#define pb push_back
#define pp pop_back
#define ins insert
#define vi vector
#define ins insert
const ld pi=2*acos(0.0);
ll T,cs=1;
struct pt
{
    ll x,y,t;
};
/**
THINK TWICE,
      CODE ONCE
**/
void show(vi<ll>&v)
{
    for(auto it:v)cout<<it<<' ';
    cout<<"\n";
}
set<ll> filsub(vi<ll>v)
{
    set<ll>temp;
    ll i,j,n=v.size(),sum;
    for(i=0;i<(1<<n);i++)
    {
        sum=0;
        for(j=0;j<n;j++)
        {
            if(i&(1<<j))
                sum+=v[j];
        }
        temp.ins(sum);
    }
    return temp;
}
void sol(ll cs)
{
    set<ll>sa,sb;
    vi<ll>v,va,vb;
    ll n,i,a,k;
    cin>>n>>k;
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)cin>>a,v.pb(a);
    va.assign(v.B,v.E-n/2);
    vb.assign(v.B+(n+1)/2,v.E);
    sort(va.B,va.E);
    sort(vb.B,vb.E);
    sa=filsub(va);
    sb=filsub(vb);
    bool bl=false;
    for(auto it=sa.B;it!=sa.E;it++)
    {
        if(sb.count(k-*it))
        {
            bl=true;
            break;
        }
    }
    cout<<csee<<((bl)?"Yes":"No")<<"\n";
}
//CODE
int main()
{
    //freopen("inp.txt","r",stdin)
    scanf("%lld",&T);
    while(T--)
        sol(cs++);
    return 0;
}

/**
   SHAMI AL BASHAR PROTHOY
   PRESIDENCY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
**/

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define csee "Case "<<cs<<": "
typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;
#define B begin()
#define E end()
#define F first
#define S second
#define pb push_back
#define pp pop_back
#define ins insert
#define vi vector
const ld pi=2*acos(0.0);
ll T,N;
ll cs=1;
ll soln=0;
/**
THINK TWICE,
      CODE ONCE
**/
bool ok(vi<vi<ll>>&v,ll row,ll col)
{
    if(row>=0&&row<N&&col>=0&&col<N&&!v[row][col])
        return true;
    return false;
}
void go(vi<vi<ll>>&v,ll row,ll col,ll tp)
{
    if(row==N-1&&col==N-1)
    {
        if(N*N==tp)
            soln++;
        return;
    }
    v[row][col]=1;
    if(row==0&&col==0)
        go(v,row+1,col,tp+1);
    else
    {
        v[row][col]=0;
        bool l=false,r=false,u=false,d=false;
        if(ok(v,row,col+1))
            r=true;
        if(ok(v,row,col-1))
            l=true;
        if(ok(v,row+1,col))
            d=true;
        if(ok(v,row-1,col))
            u=true;
        if(!u&&!d&&r&&l)
            return;
        if(u&&d&&!r&&!l)
            return;
        v[row][col]=1;
        if(r)
            go(v,row,col+1,tp+1);
        if(l)
            go(v,row,col-1,tp+1);
        if(d)
            go(v,row+1,col,tp+1);
        if(u)
            go(v,row-1,col,tp+1);
    }
    v[row][col]=0;
}
void sol(ll cs)
{
    soln=0;
    cin>>N;
    vi<ll>temp(N,0);
    vi<vi<ll>>v(N,temp);
    go(v,0,0,1);
    cout<<csee<<2*soln<<"\n";
}
//CODE
int main()
{
    //freopen("inp.txt","r",stdin)
    scanf("%lld",&T);
    while(T--)
        sol(cs++);
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

void printMonth(int year, int month);
void printMonthTitle(int year, int month);
void ptintMonthName(int month);
void printMonthBody(int year, int month);
int getStartDay(int year, int month);
int getTotalNumberOfDays(int year, int month);
int getNumberOfDaysInMonth(int year, int month);
bool isLeapYear(int year);

int main()
{
	cout << "Enter full year ";
	int year;
	cin >> year;
	cout << " Enter month in number between 1 and 12: ";
	int month;
	cin >> month;
	printMonth(year, month);

}
void printMonth(int year, int month)
{
	printMonthTitle(year, month);

	printMonthBody(year, month);
}


void printMonthTitle(int year, int month)

{
	ptintMonthName(month);
	cout << " " << year << endl;
	cout << "-----------------------------" << endl;
	cout << " Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat" << endl;
	

}



void ptintMonthName(int month)

{
	switch (month)
	{
	case 1:
		cout << "January";
		break;
	case 2:
		cout << "February";
		break;
	case 3:
		cout << "March";
		break;
	case 4:
		cout << "April";
		break;
	case 5:
		cout << "May";
		break;
	case 6:
		cout << "June";
		break;
	case 7:
		cout << "July";
		break;
	case 8:
		cout << "August";
		break;
	case 9:
		cout << "September";
		break;
	case 10:
		cout << "October";
		break;
	case 11:
		cout << "November";
		break;
	case 12:
		cout << "December";
	}
}
void printMonthBody(int year, int month)
{
	int startDay = getStartDay(year, month);
	int numberOfDaysInMonth = getNumberOfDaysInMonth(year, month);

	for (int i = 0; i < startDay; i++)
		cout << "    ";
	for (int i = 1; i <=  numberOfDaysInMonth; i++)
	{
		cout << setw(4) << i;
		if ((i + startDay) % 7 == 0)
			cout << endl;
	}
}
int getStartDay(int year, int month)
{
	int startDay1800 = 3;
	int totalNumberOfDays = getTotalNumberOfDays(year, month);


	return (totalNumberOfDays + startDay1800) % 7;

}
int getTotalNumberOfDays(int year, int month)
{
	int total = 0;
	for (int i = 1800; i < year; i++)
	{
		if (isLeapYear(i))
			total += 366;
		else
			total += 365;
	}
	for (int i = 1; i < month; i++)
	{
		total += getNumberOfDaysInMonth(year, i);
	}
	return total;
}
int getNumberOfDaysInMonth(int year, int month)
{
	if (month == 1 || month == 3 || month == 5 || month == 7 ||
		month == 8 || month == 10 || month == 12)
		return 31;
	if (month == 4 || month == 6 || month == 9 || month == 11)
		return 30;
	
		if (month == 2) return isLeapYear(year) ? 29 : 28;
	
		 return 0;
}
bool  isLeapYear(int year)
{
	return year % 400 == 0 || (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0);
}

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int hexDec(const string& hex);
int hexCharToDecimal(char ch);
int main()
{
	cout << "enter a hex Number ";
	string hex;
	cin >> hex;

	cout << "The Decimal Number For Hex Is  " << hex
		<< " is " << hexDec(hex) << endl;
}
int hexDec(const string&  hex)
{
	int decimalValue = 0;
	for (unsigned i = 0; i < hex.length(); i++)
	{
		decimalValue = decimalValue * 16 + hexCharToDecimal(hex[i]);
	}
	return decimalValue;
	
}
int hexCharToDecimal(char ch)
{
	ch = toupper(ch);
	if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'F')
		return 10 + ch - 'A';
	else
		return ch - '0';
}

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int counter = 1;
    int number = 0;
    int largest = 0;
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    int occurrence = 0;

    cout << "Please enter up to 10 numbers and I will print the largest one on the screen.\n\n";

    while (counter <= n)
    {
        cout << "Number: ";
        cin >> number;
        
        if (largest < number)
        {
            largest = number;
            occurrence = 1;
            
        }
        else if (number == largest)
        {
            occurrence++;
        }
        if (number == 0)
        {
            break;

        }
            counter++;
    }

    cout << "the largest number is "<<largest << endl;
    cout << "  the occurrence count " << largest << " is " << occurrence << " time";


	

}

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{

	int firstprofit = 0;
	int quantity = 0;
	int q3 = 1;

	//the targeted profit >> 50000
	cout << "Enter the profit ";
	int endProfit;
	cin >> endProfit;

	//first five quantity 1 * 1000+2 * 4000
	firstprofit += 9000;
	do
	{
		//the remaining quantity(q3) which is 50000(endProfit) - 9000(firstProfit) / 5
		if (q3 == (endProfit - 9000) / 5)

			firstprofit += q3 * 5;
		else
			q3++;

	} while (firstprofit <= endProfit);

	//the whole quantity
	quantity += 1000 + 4000 + q3;

	cout << quantity;






}

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int num, reversedInteger = 0, remainder, originalInteger;
	cin >> num;
	originalInteger = num;
	for (; num != 0; num /= 10)
	{
		remainder = num % 10;
		reversedInteger = reversedInteger * 10 + remainder;
	}


	if (originalInteger == reversedInteger)
		cout << originalInteger << " is a palindrome.";
	else
		cout << originalInteger << " is not a palindrome.";


	
	

	
	
}

	
	

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{

	int f1 = 0, f2 = 1;
	int nextTerm = 0;
	for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++)
	{
		//print first 2 numbers
		if (i == 1)
		{
			cout <<  f1<<" ";
			continue;
		}
		if (i == 2)
		{
			cout << f2 << " ";
			continue;
		}
		
		nextTerm = f1 + f2;
		f1 = f2;
		//make f2 = the next term
		f2 = nextTerm;
		cout << nextTerm<<" ";

	}

	
	

	
	
}

	
	

5 8
1 4 6 8 12 15 16 18

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	cout << "enter the year ";
	int year;
	cin >> year;
	
	cout << "Enter The First Day Of The year ";
	int FirstDay;
	cin >> FirstDay;
	int count = 1;
	int days = 1;
	for (int month = 1; month <= 12; month++)
	{
		cout << "             ";
		switch (month)
		{
		case 1: cout << "January " << year<<endl;
			break;
		case 2: cout << "February " << year << endl;
			break;
		case 3: cout << "March  " << year << endl;
			break;
		case 4: cout << "April  " << year << endl;
			break;
		case 5: cout << "May " << year << endl;
			break;
		case 6: cout << "June  " << year << endl;
			break;
		case 7: cout << "July  " << year << endl;
			break;
		case 8: cout << "August " << year << endl;
			break;
		case 9: cout << "September " << year << endl;
			break;
		case 10: cout << "October " << year << endl;
			break;
		case 11: cout << "November " << year << endl;
			break;
		case 12: cout << "December " << year << endl;
			break;
		}
		cout << " --------------------------------------------------------- "<<endl;
		cout << "  Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat"<<endl;
		for (int i = 0; i < FirstDay; i++)
		{
			cout << "    ";
		}
		for (int i = 1; i < 31; i++)
		{
			if (i < 10) {
				cout<<"   " <<i;
			}
			else {
				cout<<"  " << i;
			}
			if ((i + FirstDay) % 7 == 0) {
				cout << endl;
			}
		}
		cout << endl;

		FirstDay = (FirstDay + 31) % 7;
		
	}
	
	
}

	
	

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	cout << "enter the month ";
	int month;
	cin >> month;
	cout << "Enter The First Day Of The Month ";
	int firstDay;
	cin >> firstDay;
	int nextSunday = 1;
	
		switch (firstDay)
		{
			
		case 1: nextSunday += 7;
			cout << "The first day of this month is sunday "<<endl;
			while (nextSunday < 30)
			{
					cout << "Next Sunday of this month is on " << nextSunday << endl;
									nextSunday += 7 ;
			}
			break;

		case 2: nextSunday += 6;
			cout << "The first day of this month is monday " << endl;
			while (nextSunday < 30)
			{
				cout << "Next Sunday of this month is on " << nextSunday << endl;
				nextSunday += 7;
			}
			break;
		case 3: nextSunday += 5;
			cout << "The first day of this month is tuesday " << endl;
			while (nextSunday < 30)
			{
				cout << "Next Sunday of this month is on " << nextSunday << endl;
				nextSunday += 7;
			}
			break;
		case 4: nextSunday += 4;
			cout << "The first day of this month is wednesday " << endl;
			while (nextSunday < 30)
			{
				cout << "Next Sunday of this month is on " << nextSunday << endl;
				nextSunday += 7;
			}
			break;
		case 5: nextSunday += 3;
			cout << "The first dayof this month is thursday " << endl;
			while (nextSunday < 30)
			{
				cout << "Next Sunday of this month is on " << nextSunday << endl;
				nextSunday += 7;
			}
			break;
		case 6: nextSunday += 2;
			cout << "The first day of this month is friday " << endl;
			while (nextSunday < 30)
			{
				cout << "Next Sunday of this month is on " << nextSunday << endl;
				nextSunday += 7;
			}
			break;
		case 7: nextSunday += 1;
			cout << "The first day of this month is saturday " << endl;
			while (nextSunday < 30)
			{
				cout << "Next Sunday of this month is on " << nextSunday << endl;
				nextSunday += 7;
			}
			break;

		}
		
}

	
	

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int number;
	cin >> number;
	for (int i = 0; i <=number; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j <= number; j++)
		{
			if
				(
					i == 0 || i == number ||
					i == number/2|| j == number/2||
					j == 0 || j == number ||
					i == j || j == (number - i + 0)
					)
				cout <<" "<< "*";
			else
				cout << "  ";
			int h = (number - i + 1);
		}
	
			cout << "\n";
	}
		


		
	


}

	
	

	
	

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
	{
		for (int k = 0; k <= i; k++)
		{
			cout << "  ";
		}
		for (int j = i; j < 8; j++)
		{
			cout <<" "<< static_cast<char>(j+97-i);

		}
		for (int j = 7; j >= i; j--)
		{
			cout << " " << static_cast<char>(j + 97 - i);
		}
			cout << "\n";
	}
		

}

	
	

	
	

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	
	cout << " ##############";
	cout << endl;
	for (int  i = 0; i <=5; i++)
	{
		
		for (int j = 0;  j < 1;  j++)
		{
			cout << " " << "#";
		}
		for (int j = 1;  j <= i;  j++)
		{
                cout << " ";
		}
		for (int j = 0; j <1; j++)
		{
			cout << "#";
		}
		for (int j = i; j < 5; j++)
		{
			cout << " ";
		}
		for (int j = i; j < 5; j++)
		{
			cout << " ";

		}
		for (int j = 0; j <1 ; j++)
		{
			cout << "#";
		}
		for (int j = 0; j < i; j++)
		{
			cout << " ";
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < 1; i++)
		{
			cout << "#";
		}
		cout << endl;
	}

	for (int i = 0; i <=5; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < 1; j++)
		{
			cout << " " << "#";
		}
		for (int j = 5; j >i; j--)
		{
			cout << " ";
		}
		for (int j = 0;  j< 1; j++)
		{
			cout << "#";
		}
		for (int j = 0; j < i; j++)
		{
			cout << " ";
		}
		for (int j = 0; j < i; j++)
		{
			cout << " ";
		}
		for (int j = 0; j < 1; j++)
		{
			cout << "#";
		}
		for (int j = 5; j > i ; j--)
		{
			cout << " ";
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < 1; i++)
		{
			cout << "#";
		}
		cout << endl;
		
	}
	cout << " ##############";
	cout << endl;


}

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{



    int rows;
    cin >> rows;

    for (int i = 1; i <= rows; i++)
    {
        for (int k = 1; k <= (rows -i); k++)
        {
            cout << "   ";
           
        }
        for (int d = i; d > 1; d--)
            {
            cout << d << "  ";
                
            }
        for (int  v = 1; v <= i; v++)
        {
            cout << v<<"  ";
        }
        cout << endl;

        
    }


}

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int firstLetter = 65;
	int count = 0;

	for (int i = 65; i <= 90; i++)
	{
		count++;
		if (count%5 == 0)
			cout << setw(3) << static_cast<char>(i) << endl;
		else
			cout << setw(3) << static_cast<char>(i);

		
		
	}

	
	
		

	
	
}

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{

	cout << "Enter two positive numbers ";
	int n1,n2;
	cin >> n1>>n2;
	int d = 1;
	int gcd = 1;
	
	if (n1 < n2)
		d = n1;
	else
		d = n2;
	while (true)
	{
		if (n1 % d == 0 && n2 % d == 0) {
				gcd = d;
				break;
		}
			
		d--;
	}
	
	cout << "the CGD of " << n1 << " and " << n2 << " is " << gcd;

	
	
		

	
	
}

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	
	int n = 1;
	int largest = 0;
	while (n*n<30000)
	{
		if (n > largest)
		{
			largest = n;
		}
		n++;
	}
	cout << "the largest number is " << largest;
	
	
		

	
	
}

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	
	int count = 0;
	
	// iterate from 0 to N 
	for (int num = 300,count = 0; num <=400; num++)
	{
		// Short-circuit operator is used  
		if (num % 3 == 0 || num % 6 == 0)
		{
			cout << setw(5) << num;
			count++;
			if (count % 5 == 0)
				cout << setw(5) << num << endl;
		
		}
		
		
			
	}
		

	
	
}

#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
int main() 
{  
  int n1=0,n2=1,n3,i,number;    
 cout<<"Enter the number of elements: ";    
 cin>>number;    
 cout<<n1<<" "<<n2<<" "; //printing 0 and 1    
 for(i=2;i<number;++i) //loop starts from 2 because 0 and 1 are already printed    
 {    
  n3=n1+n2;    
  cout<<n3<<" ";    
  n1=n2;    
  n2=n3;    
 }    
   return 0;  
}  

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
  cout<<"Enter the integers: "<
}

include <FirebaseArduino.h>

#define FIREBASE_HOST "example.firebaseio.com"
#define FIREBASE_AUTH "token_or_secret"


void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  Firebase.begin(FIREBASE_HOST, FIREBASE_AUTH);
}

int n = 0;

void loop() {

  // set value
  Firebase.setFloat("number", 42.0);
  // handle error
  if (Firebase.failed()) {
      Serial.print("setting /number failed:");
      Serial.println(Firebase.error());  
      return;
  }
  delay(1000);
  
  // update value
  Firebase.setFloat("number", 43.0);
  // handle error
  if (Firebase.failed()) {
      Serial.print("setting /number failed:");
      Serial.println(Firebase.error());  
      return;
  }
  delay(1000);

  // get value 
  Serial.print("number: ");
  Serial.println(Firebase.getFloat("number"));
  delay(1000);

  // remove value
  Firebase.remove("number");
  delay(1000);

  // set string value
  Firebase.setString("message", "hello world");
  // handle error
  if (Firebase.failed()) {
      Serial.print("setting /message failed:");
      Serial.println(Firebase.error());  
      return;
  }
  delay(1000);
  
  // set bool value
  Firebase.setBool("truth", false);
  // handle error
  if (Firebase.failed()) {
      Serial.print("setting /truth failed:");
      Serial.println(Firebase.error());  
      return;
  }
  delay(1000);

  // append a new value to /logs
  String name = Firebase.pushInt("logs", n++);
  // handle error
  if (Firebase.failed()) {
      Serial.print("pushing /logs failed:");
      Serial.println(Firebase.error());  
      return;
  }
  Serial.print("pushed: /logs/");
  Serial.println(name);
  delay(1000);
}

  
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>


// Set these to run example.
#define WIFI_SSID "SSID"
#define WIFI_PASSWORD "PASSWORD"

  // connect to wifi.
  WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD);
  Serial.print("connecting");
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    Serial.print(".");
    delay(500);
  }
  Serial.println();
  Serial.print("connected: ");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

#include <stdio.h>
 
class Node
{
public:
    Node( int v )
    {
        data = v;
        left = 0;
        right = 0;
    }
 
    int data;
    Node* left;
    Node* right;
};
 
void Add( Node** root, Node* n )
{
    if ( !*root  )
    {
        *root = n;
        return;
    }
 
    if ( (*root)->data < n->data )
    {
        Add( &(*root)->right, n );
    }
    else
    {
        Add( &(*root)->left, n );
    }
}
 
void Print( Node* node )
{
    if ( !node )  return;   
    Print( node->left );
    printf( "value = %i\n", node->data );
    Print( node->right );
}
 
int main()
{
    Node* root = 0;
 
    Add( &root, new Node( 1 ) );
    Add( &root, new Node( 2 ) );
    Add( &root, new Node( -1 ) );
    Add( &root, new Node( 12 ) );
 
    Print( root );
    return 0;
}

int maxSubArraySum(int a[], int size) 
{ 
int max_so_far = 0, max_ending_here = 0; 
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) 
{ 
	max_ending_here = max_ending_here + a[i]; 
	if (max_ending_here < 0) 
		max_ending_here = 0; 

	/* Do not compare for all elements. Compare only 
		when max_ending_here > 0 */
	else if (max_so_far < max_ending_here) 
		max_so_far = max_ending_here; 
} 
return max_so_far; 
} 

// Define macros for inlining x86 assembly in a compiler-independent way
#ifdef _MSC_VER
	#define ASM1(asm_literal) \
		__asm asm_literal
	#define ASM2(asm_literal1, asm_literal2) \
		__asm asm_literal1, asm_literal2
	#define ASM3(asm_literal1, asm_literal2, asm_literal3) \
		__asm asm_literal1, asm_literal2, asm_literal3

	#define ASM_MOV_REG_VAR(register, variable) \
		ASM(mov register, variable)

	#define ASM_MOV_VAR_REG(variable, register) \
		ASM(mov variable, register)

#elif __GNUC__ || __clang__
	#define ASM1(asm_literal) \
		ASM_GCC(#asm_literal)
	#define ASM2(asm_literal1, asm_literal2) \
		ASM_GCC(#asm_literal1 ", " #asm_literal2)
	#define ASM3(asm_literal1, asm_literal2, asm_literal3) \
		ASM_GCC(#asm_literal1 ", " #asm_literal2 ", " #asm_literal3)
	
	#ifdef __x86_64__
		#define ASM_MOV_REG_VAR(register, variable) \
			__asm__ __volatile__("movq %0, %%" EXPAND_AND_QUOTE(register)  : /* no outputs */ : "m"(variable) : )

		#define ASM_MOV_VAR_REG(variable, register) \
			__asm__ __volatile__("movq %%" EXPAND_AND_QUOTE(register) ", %0"  : "=m"(variable) : /* no inputs */ : )
	#else
		#define ASM_MOV_REG_VAR(register, variable) \
			__asm__ __volatile__("mov %0, %%" EXPAND_AND_QUOTE(register)  : /* no outputs */ : "m"(variable) : )

		#define ASM_MOV_VAR_REG(variable, register) \
			__asm__ __volatile__("mov %%" EXPAND_AND_QUOTE(register) ", %0"  : "=m"(variable) : /* no inputs */ : )
	#endif

	#define ASM_GCC(asm_string) \
		__asm__ __volatile__(".intel_syntax noprefix;" asm_string ";.att_syntax prefix"); \
	
#endif

#include<iostream>                //including input/output libarary
using namespace std;
int main(){                               //starting main function
int array_name[5];                   //defining a variable array of type integer with name "array_name" and size 5.
array_name[0]=2;                   //assigning value of 2 to  first element of array "array_name"
array_name[1]=3;                   
array_name[2]=4                      // assinging values to other elements of array using their index number
array_name[3]=12;
array_name[4]=33;

return 0;
}