if (clip.ContainsImage()) {
    var clipboardImage = clip.GetImage();
    var ms = new clr.System.IO.MemoryStream();
    clipboardImage.Save(ms, drawing.System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Png);
    ms.Position = 0;
    var base64Img = clr.System.Convert.ToBase64String(ms.GetBuffer());
    var imgHTML = "<img alt='Clipped Image' src='" + "data:image/png;base64," + base64Img + "' />";
    clip.SetText(imgHTML);
    ms.Close();
}