$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS'] = array_replace_recursive(
    $GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS'],
    [
            'SYS' => [
                'caching' => [
                    'cacheConfigurations' => [
                        'pages' => [
                            'backend' => 'TYPO3\\CMS\\Core\\Cache\\Backend\\NullBackend',
                            'frontend' => 'TYPO3\\CMS\\Core\\Cache\\Frontend\\NullFrontend',
                        ],
                        'rootline' => [
                            'backend' => 'TYPO3\\CMS\\Core\\Cache\\Backend\\NullBackend',
                            'frontend' => 'TYPO3\\CMS\\Core\\Cache\\Frontend\\NullFrontend',
                        ],
                        'l10n' => [
                            'backend' => 'TYPO3\\CMS\\Core\\Cache\\Backend\\NullBackend',
                            'frontend' => 'TYPO3\\CMS\\Core\\Cache\\Frontend\\NullFrontend',
                        ],
                    ],
                ],
            ],
        ]
);