// Initialize a string for demonstration
let originalString = "  Hello, World!  ";

console.log("Original String:", originalString);

// 1. charAt()
console.log("Character at index 0:", originalString.charAt(0)); // H

// 2. concat()
let greeting = originalString.concat(" Welcome to JavaScript.");
console.log("Concatenated String:", greeting);

// 3. includes()
console.log("Includes 'World':", originalString.includes("World")); // true

// 4. indexOf()
console.log("Index of 'o':", originalString.indexOf("o")); // 4

// 5. lastIndexOf()
console.log("Last index of 'o':", originalString.lastIndexOf("o")); // 8

// 6. replace()
let replacedString = originalString.replace("World", "JavaScript");
console.log("Replaced String:", replacedString); // Hello, JavaScript!

// 7. split()
let fruitsString = "Apple,Banana,Cherry";
let fruitsArray = fruitsString.split(",");
console.log("Fruits Array:", fruitsArray); // ["Apple", "Banana", "Cherry"]

// 8. toLowerCase()
console.log("Lowercase String:", originalString.toLowerCase()); // hello, world!

// 9. toUpperCase()
console.log("Uppercase String:", originalString.toUpperCase()); // HELLO, WORLD!

// 10. trim()
console.log("Trimmed String:", originalString.trim()); // Hello, World!

/*OUTPUT:
Original String:    Hello, World!  
Character at index 0:  
Concatenated String:    Hello, World!  Welcome to JavaScript.
Includes 'World': true
Index of 'o': 4
Last index of 'o': 8
Replaced String:    Hello, JavaScript!  
Fruits Array: [ 'Apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry' ]
Lowercase String:    hello, world!  
Uppercase String:    HELLO, WORLD!  
Trimmed String: Hello, World!*/