ios::in allows input (read operations) from a stream. ios::out allows output (write operations) to a stream. | (bitwise OR operator) is used to combine the two ios flags, meaning that passing ios::in | ios::out to the constructor of std::fstream enables both input and output for the stream. #include<iostream> #include<fstream> using namespace std; int main() { ofstream outfile("grades.txt", ios::out);//ios::out Write operations. if (!outfile) { cerr << "error:output file cannot be opened\n"; exit(1); } char id[9], name[16]; int grade; cout << "\t:"; int n = 1; while (cin>>id>>name>>grade) { outfile << name << " " << id << " " << grade << endl; cout << "\t" << ++n << ":"; } outfile.close(); }
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