<?php
add_action( 'pre_get_posts', 'pagination_fix_static_homepage' );
function pagination_fix_static_homepage( $query ) {
    $front_page_id        = get_option( 'page_on_front' );
    $current_page_id      = $query->get( 'page_id' );
    $is_static_front_page = 'page' === get_option( 'show_on_front' );
    
    if ( $is_static_front_page && $front_page_id == $current_page_id  ) {
        if ( get_query_var( 'paged' ) ) {
            $paged = get_query_var( 'paged' );
        } elseif ( get_query_var( 'page' ) ) {
            $paged = get_query_var( 'page' );
        } else {
            $paged = 1;
        }
        $paged = intval( $paged );
        $query->set( 'paged', $paged );
    }
    return $query;
}