def set_seed(seed=42):
    """
    sets the integer starting value used in generating random numbers.
    comment out packages/frameworks not in use as per your choice 
    """
    np.random.seed(seed)
    os.environ['PYTHONHASHSEED'] = str(seed)
    random.seed(seed)
    tf.random.set_seed(seed)
    torch.manual_seed(seed)
    torch.cuda.manual_seed(seed)
    torch.backends.cudnn.deterministic = True