def bottleneck_residual_block(X, f, filters, stage, block, reduce=False, s=2):
    
    # defining name basis
    conv_name_base = 'res' + str(stage) + block + '_branch'
    bn_name_base = 'bn' + str(stage) + block + '_branch'
    
    # Retrieve Filters
    F1, F2, F3 = filters
    
    # Save the input value. You'll need this later to add back to the main path. 
    X_shortcut = X
    
    if reduce:
        # if we are to reduce the spatial size, apply a 1x1 CONV layer to the shortcut path
        # to do that, we need both CONV layers to have similar strides 
        X = Conv2D(filters = F1, 
                   kernel_size = (1, 1), 
                   strides = (s,s), 
                   padding = 'valid', 
                   name = conv_name_base + '2a', 
                   kernel_regularizer=l2(0.0001))(X)
        
        X = BatchNormalization(axis = 3, name = bn_name_base + '2a')(X)
        X = Activation('relu')(X)
        
        X_shortcut = Conv2D(filters = F3, 
                            kernel_size = (1, 1), 
                            strides = (s,s), 
                            padding = 'valid', 
                            name = conv_name_base + '1',
                            kernel_initializer)(X_shortcut)
        
        X_shortcut = BatchNormalization(axis = 3, name = bn_name_base + '1')(X_shortcut)
        
    else: 
        # First component of main path
        X = Conv2D(filters = F1, 
                   kernel_size = (1, 1), 
                   strides = (1,1), 
                   padding = 'valid', 
                   name = conv_name_base + '2a', 
                   kernel_regularizer=l2(0.0001))(X)
        
        X = BatchNormalization(axis = 3, name = bn_name_base + '2a')(X)
        X = Activation('relu')(X)
    
    # Second component of main path
    X = Conv2D(filters = F2, 
               kernel_size = (f, f), 
               strides = (1,1), 
               padding = 'same', 
               name = conv_name_base + '2b', 
               kernel_regularizer=l2(0.0001))(X)
    
    X = BatchNormalization(axis = 3, name = bn_name_base + '2b')(X)
    X = Activation('relu')(X)

    # Third component of main path
    X = Conv2D(filters = F3, 
               kernel_size = (1, 1), 
               strides = (1,1), 
               padding = 'valid', 
               name = conv_name_base + '2c', 
               kernel_regularizer=l2(0.0001))(X)
    
    X = BatchNormalization(axis = 3, name = bn_name_base + '2c')(X)

    # Final step: Add shortcut value to main path, and pass it through a RELU activation 
    X = Add()([X, X_shortcut])
    X = Activation('relu')(X)
    
    return X


def ResNet50(input_shape, classes):
    """
    Arguments:
    input_shape -- tuple shape of the images of the dataset
    classes -- integer, number of classes

    Returns:
    model -- a Model() instance in Keras
    """

    # Define the input as a tensor with shape input_shape
    X_input = Input(input_shape)

    # Stage 1
    X = Conv2D(64, (7, 7), strides=(2, 2), name='conv1', kernel_initializer)(X_input)
    X = BatchNormalization(axis=3, name='bn_conv1')(X)
    X = Activation('relu')(X)
    X = MaxPooling2D((3, 3), strides=(2, 2))(X)

    # Stage 2
    X = bottleneck_residual_block(X, 3, [64, 64, 256], stage=2, block='a', reduce=True, s=1)
    X = bottleneck_residual_block(X, 3, [64, 64, 256], stage=2, block='b')
    X = bottleneck_residual_block(X, 3, [64, 64, 256], stage=2, block='c')

    # Stage 3 
    X = bottleneck_residual_block(X, 3, [128, 128, 512], stage=3, block='a', reduce=True, s=2)
    X = bottleneck_residual_block(X, 3, [128, 128, 512], stage=3, block='b')
    X = bottleneck_residual_block(X, 3, [128, 128, 512], stage=3, block='c')
    X = bottleneck_residual_block(X, 3, [128, 128, 512], stage=3, block='d')

    # Stage 4 
    X = bottleneck_residual_block(X, 3, [256, 256, 1024], stage=4, block='a', reduce=True, s=2)
    X = bottleneck_residual_block(X, 3, [256, 256, 1024], stage=4, block='b')
    X = bottleneck_residual_block(X, 3, [256, 256, 1024], stage=4, block='c')
    X = bottleneck_residual_block(X, 3, [256, 256, 1024], stage=4, block='d')
    X = bottleneck_residual_block(X, 3, [256, 256, 1024], stage=4, block='e')
    X = bottleneck_residual_block(X, 3, [256, 256, 1024], stage=4, block='f')

    # Stage 5 
    X = bottleneck_residual_block(X, 3, [512, 512, 2048], stage=5, block='a', reduce=True, s=2)
    X = bottleneck_residual_block(X, 3, [512, 512, 2048], stage=5, block='b')
    X = bottleneck_residual_block(X, 3, [512, 512, 2048], stage=5, block='c')

    # AVGPOOL 
    X = AveragePooling2D((1,1), name="avg_pool")(X)

    # output layer
    X = Flatten()(X)
    X = Dense(1, activation='sigmoid', name='fc' + str(classes), kernel_initializer)(X)
    
    # Create the model
    model = Model(inputs = X_input, outputs = X, name='ResNet50')

    return model


model_resnet_08 = ResNet50(input_shape = (3, 256, 256), classes = 1)