Preview:
public static List<Account> parentWithChildren() {
    List<Account> accounts = [SELECT Name, AccountSource, (SELECT Name FROM Contacts) FROM Account];

    for(Account nextAcct :accounts) {
        for(Contact nextContact :nextAcct.Contacts) {
            System.Debug(nextContact);
        }
    }

  return accounts;
}

// To access value from a lookup inside the inner query
List<Case> cases = [SELECT Id, CaseNumber, Subclassificacao__c, Status, (SELECT Id, Produto__r.Name FROM ProdutosDoCaso__r) FROM 
                    Case WHERE NTrackwise__c = '' and CreatedDate >= 2023-11-01T00:00:00.000+0000 and Status = 'MTO'];

for (Case c : cases) {
    System.debug('Case Number: ' + c.CaseNumber);
    System.debug('Subclassificacao: ' + c.Subclassificacao__c);
    System.debug('Status: ' + c.Status);

    // Iterate over related Produto__r records
    for (ProdutoDoCaso__c produto : c.ProdutosDoCaso__r) {
        System.debug('Produto Name: ' + produto.Produto__r.Name);
    }
}
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