Render menu teaser

<?php 
//if you want show in every li of menu diferent onformation of node sigue instruction(2) 
// in theme 
function themName_preprocess_menu(&$variables){
  $node = Node::load(2311);
  $view_builder = \Drupal::entityTypeManager()->getViewBuilder('node');
  $teaser_view = $view_builder->view($node, 'teaser');
  $variables['teaser'] = \Drupal::service('renderer')->renderRoot($teaser_view);

  //instruction(2)
    $ar = [];
  $i = 0 ;
  $ids = \Drupal::entityQuery('node')
         ->condition('status', 1)
         ->condition('type', 'blog')
         ->range(0, 30) 
         ->execute();

  foreach ($ids as $key => $value) {
    $ar[] = $value;
  }

  $menuItems = &$variables['items'];

  foreach ($menuItems as $idx => &$item) {
    $node = Node::load($ar[rand(0,30)]);
    if(empty($node)){
     continue;
    }
    $view_builder = \Drupal::entityTypeManager()->getViewBuilder('node');
    $teaser_view = $view_builder->view($node, 'teaser');
    $item['#node']= \Drupal::service('renderer')->renderRoot($teaser_view);
    // in twig corespon print foreach($item in $items){  <li> {{ $item['#node }}  </li> }
  }
  
}

// in twig menu.html.twig

//{{ teaser }}