Pipes

#include <sys/wait.h> /* wait */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>   /* exit functions */
#include <unistd.h>   /* read, write, pipe, _exit */
#include <string.h>

#define ReadEnd  0
#define WriteEnd 1

void report_and_exit(const char* msg) {
  perror(msg);
  exit(-1);    /** failure **/
}

int main() {
  int pipeFDs[2]; /* two file descriptors */
  char buf;       /* 1-byte buffer */
  const char* msg = "Nature's first green is gold\n"; /* bytes to write */

  if (pipe(pipeFDs) < 0) report_and_exit("pipeFD");
  pid_t cpid = fork();                                /* fork a child process */
  if (cpid < 0) report_and_exit("fork");              /* check for failure */

  if (0 == cpid) {    /*** child ***/                 /* child process */
    close(pipeFDs[WriteEnd]);                         /* child reads, doesn't write */

    while (read(pipeFDs[ReadEnd], &buf, 1) > 0)       /* read until end of byte stream */
      write(STDOUT_FILENO, &buf, sizeof(buf));        /* echo to the standard output */

    close(pipeFDs[ReadEnd]);                          /* close the ReadEnd: all done */
    _exit(0);                                         /* exit and notify parent at once  */
  }
  else {              /*** parent ***/
    close(pipeFDs[ReadEnd]);                          /* parent writes, doesn't read */

    write(pipeFDs[WriteEnd], msg, strlen(msg));       /* write the bytes to the pipe */
    close(pipeFDs[WriteEnd]);                         /* done writing: generate eof */

    wait(NULL);                                       /* wait for child to exit */
    exit(0);                                          /* exit normally */
  }
  return 0;
}