Intermediate CSS

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Sat Jun 22 2024 03:25:42 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)

Use the universal selector to add box-sizing: border-box; to your CSS. This ensures elements include padding and border in their specified width and height.

CSS positioning lets you set how you want an element to be positioned in the browser. It has a position property you can set to static, absolute, relative, sticky or fixed.

Once you set the position property of the element, you can move the element around by setting a pixel or a percentage value for one or more of the top, right, left, or bottom properties.

static is the default positioning for all elements. If you assign it to an element, you won't be able to move it around with top, right, left, or bottom.

When you use the relative value, the element is still positioned according to the normal flow of the document, but the top, left, bottom, and right values become active.

The next position property is absolute. When you use the absolute value for your position property, the element is taken out of the normal flow of the document, and then its position is determined by the top, right, bottom, and left properties.

fixed is a position property value that lets you make an element fixed to the page no matter where the user scrolls to on the page.

The last position property value is sticky. sticky positioning is a hybrid of relative and fixed positioning. It allows an element to stick to a specific position within its containing element or viewport, based on the scroll position.

The transform property allows you to modify the shape, position, and size of an element without changing the layout or affecting the surrounding elements. It has functions such as translate(), rotate(), scale(), skew(), and matrix().

z-index is a property you can use to define the order of overlapping HTML elements. Any element with a higher z-index will always be positioned over an element with a lower z-index.

A CSS selector can contain more than one simple selector. Between the simple selectors, we can include a combinator.

There are four different combinators in CSS:

descendant selector (space)
child selector (>)
adjacent sibling selector (+)
general sibling selector (~)

The @media at-rule, also known as a media query, is used to conditionally apply CSS. Media queries are commonly used to apply CSS based on the viewport width using the max-width and min-width properties.

In the below example the padding is applied to the .card class when the viewport is 960px wide and below.

Example Code
@media (max-width: 960px) {
.card {
padding: 2rem;
}
}

Logical operators can be used to construct more complex media queries. The and logical operator is used to query two media conditions.

For example, a media query that targets a display width between 500px and 1000px would be:

Example Code
@media (min-width: 500px) and (max-width: 1000px){

}

Setting the width of a block-level element will prevent it from stretching out to the edges of its container to the left and right. Then, you can set the left and right margins to auto to horizontally center that element within its container. The element will take up the width you specify, then the remaining space will be split evenly between the two margins.

The only problem occurs when the browser window is narrower than the width of your element. The browser resolves this by creating a horizontal scrollbar on the page.

Using max-width instead of width in this situation will improve the browser's handling of small windows.

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CSS

@NoFox420

Intermediate CSS CSS Pseudo Selectors CSS Flexbox CSS Box Model CSS Basics CSS Animations CSS Grid CSS Variables Basic Grid Layout

#css

A Modern CSS Reset - Piccalilli

/* Box sizing rules */
*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* Remove default margin */
body,
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
p,
figure,
blockquote,
dl,
dd {
  margin: 0;
}

/* Remove list styles on ul, ol elements with a list role, which suggests default styling will be removed */
ul[role='list'],
ol[role='list'] {
  list-style: none;
}

/* Set core root defaults */
html:focus-within {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

/* Set core body defaults */
body {
  min-height: 100vh;
  text-rendering: optimizeSpeed;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

/* A elements that don't have a class get default styles */
a:not([class]) {
  text-decoration-skip-ink: auto;
}

/* Make images easier to work with */
img,
picture {
  max-width: 100%;
  display: block;
}

/* Inherit fonts for inputs and buttons */
input,
button,
textarea,
select {
  font: inherit;
}

/* Remove all animations, transitions and smooth scroll for people that prefer not to see them */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html:focus-within {
   scroll-behavior: auto;
  }
  
  *,
  *::before,
  *::after {
    animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
    transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    scroll-behavior: auto !important;
  }
}

#html #jquery #css #navbar

Underline active navbar link

// in css:
/* Display line under clicked navbar link */
.active {
  text-decoration-line: underline !important;
  text-decoration-thickness: 2px !important;
  color: rgb(20, 19, 19);
}

//in html: 
    <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script>

    <script>
      $(document).ready(function () {
        // Underline to remain in navbar after click using URL
        jQuery(function ($) {
          var path = window.location.href; // because the 'href' property of the DOM element is the absolute path
          $('.nav-link').each(function () {
            if (this.href === path) {
              $(this).addClass('active');
            }
          });
        });
      });
    </script>

//Note class in link should be nav-link

#css

Firefox CSS backdrop-filter workaround

/* slightly transparent fallback */
.backdrop-blur {
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .9);
}

/* if backdrop support: very transparent and blurred */
@supports ((-webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(2em)) or (backdrop-filter: blur(2em))) {
  .backdrop-blur {
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(2em);
    backdrop-filter: blur(2em);
  }
}

#css #html

Background Image That Doesn't Scroll on Webpage

body{
    background-image: url("img_tree.gif");
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-attachment: fixed;
}

#css

slick slider dots sliding

#banner .slick-dots {
	display: flex;
	position: absolute;
	left: 50%;
	bottom: 30px;
	transform: translateX(-50%);
}

#banner .slick-dots li button {
	font-size: 0;
	width: 16px;
	height: 16px;
	border: 1px solid #fff;
	background: transparent;
	border-radius: 50%;
	margin: 0 5px;
}

#banner .slick-dots li.slick-active button {
	width: 20px;
	height: 20px;
	background: var(--hover);
	border-color: var(--hover);
}

#javascript #eventos #mouse #css #html

mover un elemento junto al mouse, dentro de un div (eventos de mouse)

let hijo = document.querySelector('.hijo');
let etiqueta = document.querySelectorAll('.etiqueta');
//El metodo .getBoundingClientRect() nos da 
//la posicion de un elemento con respecto al viewport(en numeros).
// tomare la posicion constante del elemento .hijo 
const coords = hijo.getBoundingClientRect();
const j = coords.top; // estamos obteniendo la posicion top en numero
const k = coords.left;

// se aplica forEach para obtener posicion de cada movimiento del mouse
etiqueta.forEach(link => {
// se obtiene la posicion del mouse con la funcion  mover(e)
    function mover(e){
// se calcula la posicion top y left del mouse al cual le restamos
// la posicion del elemento "hijo"; resultado: mouse e "hijo" juntos 
	 let m = e.pageY ;
	 let n = e.pageX ;

	 let t = m - j;
	 let l = n - k;
	 hijo.style.top = t + "px"; // agregando px a los numeros
	 hijo.style.left = l + "px";
    };
// mouseover dice que entro en elemento etiqueta
    link.addEventListener("mouseover",() => {
	hijo.classList.add("edd1");// solo agrega un class que le da color red

	 window.addEventListener("mousemove",mover);// agrega el evento junto a la funcion 
    });

    link.addEventListener("mouseleave",() => {// mouseleave dice que salio del elemento etiqueta
	hijo.classList.remove("edd1"); // le quita un class, que le quita color red
	 window.removeEventListener("mousemove", mover);// remuev el evento
    });
});

/* Simples estilos para delimitar los div*/
.box{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
border: solid 1px black;
}
.etiqueta{
width:100px;
height:100px;
position: absolute;
left:50px;
top:50px;
background: green;
overflow: hidden;
position:relative;
}
.hijo{
position: absolute;
width: 20px;
height: 20px;
border-radius: 50%;
background-color: blue;
transform: scale(0); /*desaparece el elemento hijo*/
}
.edd1{
background-color: red;
transform: scale(1); /*reaparece el elemento hijo con el mause al centro*/
} 

// un ejemplo con html
<div class="box">
  <div class="etiqueta">
  <div class="hijo"></div>
  </div>
</div>

#css

Header JavaScript

const header = document.querySelector('header');
let lastScroll = 0;
const scrollThreshold = 10; 

window.addEventListener('scroll', () => {
    const currentScroll = window.scrollY;

    if (currentScroll > lastScroll && currentScroll > scrollThreshold) {
        header.classList.add('small');
    } else if (currentScroll === 0) {
        header.classList.remove('small');
    }

    lastScroll = currentScroll;
});

const hamburger = document.querySelector(".hamburger");
const navmenu = document.querySelector(".nav-menu");

hamburger.addEventListener("click", () => {
    hamburger.classList.toggle("active");
    navmenu.classList.toggle("active");
});

document.querySelectorAll(".nav-link").forEach(n => n.addEventListener("click", () => {
    hamburger.classList.remove("active");
    navmenu.classList.remove("active");
}));

#css

Add a Mask in CSS

img {
  mask-image: url(‘mask.png’) linear-gradient(-45deg,
                        rgba(0,0,0,1) 20%, rgba(0,0,0,0) 50%);
  mask-image: url(#masking); /*referencing to the element generated and defined in SVG code*/
}

#css #shapes

Make a circle with just CSS

<style>

 .circle:before {
                    content: ' \25CF';
                    font-size: 50px;
                    color: black;
                }
</style>

<span class="circle"></span>

#css

CSS Grid Layout - CSS: Cascading Style Sheets | MDN

.wrapper {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  grid-gap: 10px;
  grid-auto-rows: minmax(100px, auto);
}
.one {
  grid-column: 1 / 3;
  grid-row: 1;
}
.two { 
  grid-column: 2 / 4;
  grid-row: 1 / 3;
}
.three {
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 2 / 5;
}
.four {
  grid-column: 3;
  grid-row: 3;
}
.five {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 4;
}
.six {
  grid-column: 3;
  grid-row: 4;
}

#css #webdev #text

How to "truncate" long strings with an ellipsis (...) for text that overflows its container

.truncate {
  width: 250px;
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

#css

Text Rotation in CSS

 .rotate {

  transform: rotate(-90deg);


  /* Legacy vendor prefixes that you probably don

#css #layout

Centering Things with CSS Auto Margin

.box-one {
	width: 100px;
	margin: 0 auto;
}

.box-two {
	width: 100px;
	margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}

#css

Media query

/*EX:.container {
    padding: 0 15px;
// 576px window width and more
    @include sm {
        padding: 0 20px;
    }
// 992px window width and more
    @include lg {
        margin-left: auto;
        margin-right: auto;
        max-width: 1100px;
    } */

// Small tablets and large smartphones (landscape view)
$screen-sm-min: 576px;

// Small tablets (portrait view)
$screen-md-min: 768px;

// Tablets and small desktops
$screen-lg-min: 992px;

// Large tablets and desktops
$screen-xl-min: 1200px;


// Small devices
@mixin sm {
   @media (min-width: #{$screen-sm-min}) {
       @content;
   }
}

// Medium devices
@mixin md {
   @media (min-width: #{$screen-md-min}) {
       @content;
   }
}

// Large devices
@mixin lg {
   @media (min-width: #{$screen-lg-min}) {
       @content;
   }
}

// Extra large devices
@mixin xl {
   @media (min-width: #{$screen-xl-min}) {
       @content;
   }
}

#css

css - Gradient borders - Stack Overflow

.border { 
    width: 400px;
    padding: 20px;
    border-top: 10px solid #FFFF00;
    border-bottom:10px solid #FF0000;
    background-image: 
        linear-gradient(#FFFF00, #FF0000),
        linear-gradient(#FFFF00, #FF0000)
    ;
    background-size:10px 100%;
    background-position:0 0, 100% 0;
    background-repeat:no-repeat;
}

Intermediate CSS

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