handling-exception in C++

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Tue Jan 03 2023 02:39:07 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)

Saved by @berasumit611 #c++

/*
 Author:	Internshala
 Module:	Diving into C++ Programming
 Topic:		Exception Handling
*/

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;


int main() {

	// Divide two integers: a divided by b.
	cout << "Program starts -->" << endl << endl;

	int a, b;

	cout << "Enter a: ";
	cin >> a;

	cout << "Enter b: ";
	cin >> b;

	try {
		if (b == 0) {
			throw "The value of 'b' must not be 0. Please try again.";
		}

		int result = a / b;
		cout << "Result: " << result << endl << endl;
	} catch (const char *msg) {
		cout << msg << endl << endl;
	}

	cout << "<-- Program ends" << endl;

	return 0;
}

https://github.com/Internshala-Online-Trainings/programming-with-c-and-cpp-v2/blob/master/m4-diving-into-cpp-programming/t5-exception-handling/handling-exception.cpp

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Kadane’s Algorithm

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		max_ending_here = 0; 

	/* Do not compare for all elements. Compare only 
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**8.11 (Game: nine heads and tails)

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;




void decToBinary(int n)
{
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#include<ctime>
#include<string>
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#include <fstream>

using namespace std;


bool primeNumber(int n);
bool Emirp(int n);
int reversal(int n);
int recursive(int a, int b);

int main()
{
	
	int count = 0;
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https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10359702/c-filehandling-difference-between-iosapp-and-iosate#:~:text=ios%3A%3Aapp%20%22set%20the,file%20when%20you%20open%20it.&text=The%20ios%3A%3Aate%20option,to%20the%20end%20of%20file.

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#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int main()
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			{
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				nextSunday += 7;
			}
			break;

		}
		
}

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#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int main()
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		for (int i = 0; i < FirstDay; i++)
		{
			cout << "    ";
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		{
			if (i < 10) {
				cout<<"   " <<i;
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			else {
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				cout << endl;
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		}
		cout << endl;

		FirstDay = (FirstDay + 31) % 7;
		
	}
	
	
}

(Pattern recognition: consecutive four equal numbers) Write the following function that tests whether a two-dimensional array has four consecutive numbers of the same value, either horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;


bool  isConsecutiveFour(int values[][7]) {

    // checking rows
    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
       
        int current = values[i][0];
        int consecutiveCount = 0; // values[i][0] starts count

        for (int j = 0; j < 7; j++) {
            
            if (values[i][j] == current) {
                consecutiveCount++;
                if (consecutiveCount == 4) return true;
            }
            else {
                current = values[i][j];
                consecutiveCount = 1;
            }
        }
    }
    // check columns
    for (int j = 0; j < 7; j++) {
        
        int consecutiveCount = 0; // values[0][j] starts count
        int current = values[0][j];

        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {

            if (values[i][j] == current) {
                consecutiveCount++;
                if (consecutiveCount == 4) return true;
            }
            else {
                current = values[i][j];
                consecutiveCount = 1;
            }

        }
    }

    // check topLeft side: going upright
    for (int i = 6 - 1; i > 0; i--) {
        int y = i;
        int x = 0;
        int consecutive = 0;
        int current = values[y][x];

        while (y >= 0) {
           
            if (values[y][x] == current) {
                consecutive++;
                if (consecutive == 4) return true;
            }
            else {
                consecutive = 1;
                current = values[y][x];
            }
            x++;
            y--;
        }
    }

    // check bottom right side: going upright
    for (int j = 0; j < 7; j++) {
        int y = 6 - 1;
        int x = j;
        int consecutive = 0;
        int current = values[y][x];

        while (x < 6 && y >= 0) {
            
            if (values[y][x] == current) {
                consecutive++;
                if (consecutive == 4) return true;
            }
            else {
                consecutive = 1;
                current = values[y][x];
            }
            x++;
            y--;
        }

    }

    // check bottom left side going up-left
    for (int j = 7 - 1; j > 0; j--) {

        int x = j;
        int y = 6 - 1;
        int current = values[y][x];
        int consecutiveCount = 0;

        while (x >= 0 && y >= 0) {

            if (values[y][x] == current) {
                consecutiveCount++;
                if (consecutiveCount == 4) return true;
            }
            else {
                consecutiveCount = 1;
                current = values[y][x];
            }

            x--;
            y--;
        }
    }
    // check bottom right side going up-left
    for (int row = 1; row < 6; row++) {
        int x = 7 - 1;
        int y = row;
        int consecutive = 0;
        int current = values[y][x];

        while (y >= 0) {
            
            if (values[y][x] == current) {
                consecutive++;
                if (consecutive == 4) return true;
            }
            else {
                consecutive = 1;
                current = values[y][x];
            }
            x--;
            y--;
        }

    }
    return false;
}






// Driver code
int main()
{
    int m[6][7];
    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < 7; j++)
            cin >> m[i][j];
    if (isConsecutiveFour(m) == true)
        cout << "true";
    else 
        cout << "false";
  
}

yourHand_GlobalIntrerfacev1.0_firmware

///LIBRARIES & SPECIFIC PARAMETERS
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_PWMServoDriver.h>
#include <U8g2lib.h>

Adafruit_PWMServoDriver servo = Adafruit_PWMServoDriver(0x40);  //ServoMotor Driver Controller I2C Address
U8G2_SH1106_128X64_NONAME_F_HW_I2C u8g2(U8G2_R0, /* reset=*/ U8X8_PIN_NONE); //OLED Constructor

//- - - - VARIABLES & METHODS - - - -//

#define jky 13              //Joystick button pin
#define emgPin A0           //EMG signal pin
#define emgThreshold 500    //EMG signal detection threshold   

/*----OLED Display & Driver----*/
void u8g2_prepare(void) {
  u8g2.setFontMode(1);              //Enable Transparent Font
  u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_6x13_tf);  //Set font Width: 6px / Height: 13px
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  u8g2.setFontPosTop();             //Origin Position of Text
  u8g2.setFontDirection(0);         //Font direction 0º
}
//Custom Drawn Symbols
static const unsigned char back[] U8X8_PROGMEM  = {
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/*---- Servo Driver Variables ----*/
#define Freq (uint8_t) 50     //Servo working frequency

#define posMin 102
#define posMax 512

//Finger Number Assignation for Servo Control
#define thumb (uint8_t) 0
#define index (uint8_t) 1
#define middle (uint8_t) 2 
#define ring (uint8_t) 3
#define pinky (uint8_t) 4
#define wrist (uint8_t) 5

//Method to map servo position from pulses to degrees
void setServo(uint8_t n_servo, uint8_t angulo){
  int duty;
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  servo.setPWM(n_servo, 0, duty);
}

//Method for EMG signal detection and actuation
void emg(void (*pointer)()){
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}

/*---- Hand Movements Methods ----*/
void closeHand(void){
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    setServo(index,170);
    setServo(middle,175);
    setServo(ring,151);
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    setServo(wrist,180);
}
void openHand(void){
    setServo(thumb,13);
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    setServo(pinky,13);
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}
void rock_servo(void){
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    setServo(middle,175);
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    setServo(pinky,13);
    setServo(wrist,180);
}
void ronaldinho_servo(){
    setServo(thumb,13);
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    setServo(middle,145);
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}
void point_servo(void){
    setServo(thumb,170);
    setServo(index,13);
    setServo(middle,145);
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    setServo(wrist,180);
}
void thumbsUp_servo(void){
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    setServo(middle,145);
    setServo(ring,151);
    setServo(pinky,161);
    setServo(wrist,180);
}

/*---- Joystick Button----*/
#define jkyX A1
#define jkyY A2

uint8_t swbtn_state=0;    // Memory Storage Byte
bool btn_val=0;           // Current state of the button
bool btn_oldVal=1;        // Previous state of the button  

//Joystick Button Method
void btn_Jky(uint8_t x){
  btn_val=digitalRead(jky);   // read pin button
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      swbtn_state=x;    
      delay(10);   
  }
  btn_oldVal=btn_val;
}

/*- *- *- *- - MENU SYSTEM - -* -* -* -*/
uint8_t M1 = 0; //Memory variable to determine menu state
uint8_t F1 = 0; //Memory variable to determine menu state
uint8_t C1 = 0; //Memory variable to determine menu state

//Mode_options
#define openClose (uint8_t) 1
#define figures (uint8_t)   2
#define custom  (uint8_t)   3

//Figures_options
#define rock (uint8_t)       1
#define ronaldinho (uint8_t) 2
#define point (uint8_t)      3
#define thumbUp (uint8_t)    4
#define goBackF1 (uint8_t)   5

//Custom_options
#define thumb (uint8_t)    1
#define index (uint8_t)    2
#define middle (uint8_t)   3
#define ring (uint8_t)     4
#define pinky (uint8_t)    5
#define wrist (uint8_t)    6
#define goBackC1 (uint8_t) 7

/*---- 1.MODES Menu Methods / All Menu Systems ----*/
/*-- Read Joystic M1 Method --*/
void jkyM1(void){
  if (analogRead(jkyX)<=341 && analogRead(jkyY)>=1010){
    M1 = openClose;
  }
  else if (analogRead(jkyX)>=342 && analogRead(jkyX)<=682 && analogRead(jkyY)>=990){
    M1 = figures;
  }
  else if (analogRead(jkyX)>=683 && analogRead(jkyX)<=1023 && analogRead(jkyY)>=980){
    M1 = custom;
  } 
}

/*---- Modes Screen Methods ----*/
void M1_openClose(void){  
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  u8g2.setDrawColor(2);
  
  u8g2.drawStr(32, 45, "OPEN/CLOSE");
  
  u8g2.drawBox(8,0,31,31);   //Selected box
  u8g2.drawStr(21,9, "1");   //Selected string
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(47,0,31,31);
  u8g2.drawStr(60,9, "2");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(86,0,31,31);
  u8g2.drawStr(99,9, "3");
  
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}
void M1_openClose_in(){
  emg(closeHand); 
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  u8g2.setDrawColor(2);
  
  u8g2.drawStr(32, 16, "Squeeze to");
  u8g2.drawStr(32, 32, "CLOSE HAND");
  
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}
void M1_figures(void){  
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  u8g2.setDrawColor(2);
  
  u8g2.drawStr(42, 45, "FIGURES");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(8,0,31,31);   
  u8g2.drawStr(21,9, "1");
  
  u8g2.drawBox(47,0,31,31);   //Selected box
  u8g2.drawStr(60,9, "2");    //Selected string
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(86,0,31,31);
  u8g2.drawStr(99,9, "3");
  
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}
void M1_custom(void){  
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  u8g2.setDrawColor(2);
  
  u8g2.drawStr(19, 45, "CUSTOM MOVEMENT");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(8,0,31,31);   
  u8g2.drawStr(21,9, "1");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(47,0,31,31);   
  u8g2.drawStr(60,9, "2");
  
  u8g2.drawBox(86,0,31,31);   //Selected box
  u8g2.drawStr(99,9, "3");    //Selected string
  
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}

//MAIN MENU SYSTEM(MODES) METHOD
void modes_M1(){  
  switch (M1){
    case openClose:
      if(swbtn_state==1){
        M1_openClose_in();
        btn_Jky(0);
      }
      else{
        jkyM1();
        openHand();
        M1_openClose();
        btn_Jky(1);
      }
      break;

    case figures:
      if(swbtn_state==2 || swbtn_state==3){
        figures_F1();
      }
      else{
        jkyM1();
        openHand();
        M1_figures();
        btn_Jky(2);
      }
      break;

    case custom:
      if(swbtn_state==4 || swbtn_state==5){
        custom_C1();
      }
      else{
        jkyM1();
        openHand();
        M1_custom();
        btn_Jky(4);
      }
      break;
  }
}

/*---- 2.FIGURES Menu Methods ----*/
/*-- Read Joystic F1 Method --*/
void jkyF1(void){
  if (analogRead(jkyX)<=150 && analogRead(jkyY)>=1022){
    F1 = rock;
  }
  else if (analogRead(jkyX)>=151 && analogRead(jkyX)<=540 && analogRead(jkyY)>=1022){
    F1 = ronaldinho;
  }
  else if (analogRead(jkyX)>=541 && analogRead(jkyX)<=767 && analogRead(jkyY)>=1022){
    F1 = point;
  }
  else if (analogRead(jkyX)>=768 && analogRead(jkyX)<=1023 && analogRead(jkyY)>=1022){
    F1 = thumbUp;
  }
  else if (analogRead(jkyX)>=400 && analogRead(jkyX)<=1023 && analogRead(jkyY)<=400){
    F1 = goBackF1;
  } 
}

/*---- Figures Screen Methods ----*/
void F1_rock(void){  
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  u8g2.setDrawColor(2);
  
  u8g2.drawStr(32, 32, "ROCK'N ROLL");
  
  u8g2.drawBox(11,0,17,17);   //Selected box
  u8g2.drawStr(17,2, "1");    //Selected string 
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(39,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(45,2, "2");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(67,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(73,2, "3");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(95,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(101,2, "4");

  u8g2.drawFrame(115,51,12,10);
  u8g2.drawXBMP(117, 53, 8, 6, back);
  
  u8g2.sendBuffer();

}
void F1_rock_in(void){
  emg(rock_servo);
  btn_Jky(2);
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  
  u8g2.drawStr(32, 16, "Squeeze to");
  u8g2.drawStr(32, 32, "ROCK'N ROLL");
  
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}
void F1_ronaldinho(void){  
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  u8g2.setDrawColor(2);
  
  u8g2.drawStr(34, 32, "RONALDINHO");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(11,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(17,2, "1");
  
  u8g2.drawBox(39,0,17,17);   //Selected box
  u8g2.drawStr(45,2, "2");    //Selected string
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(67,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(73,2, "3");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(95,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(101,2, "4");

  u8g2.drawFrame(115,51,12,10);
  u8g2.drawXBMP(117, 53, 8, 6, back);
  
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}
void F1_ronaldinho_in(void){
  emg(ronaldinho_servo);
  btn_Jky(2);
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  
  u8g2.drawStr(32, 32, "RONALDINHO!");
  
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}
void F1_point(void){  
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  u8g2.setDrawColor(2);
  
  u8g2.drawStr(49, 32, "POINT");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(11,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(17,2, "1");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(39,0,17,17);     
  u8g2.drawStr(45,2, "2");
  
  u8g2.drawBox(67,0,17,17);   //Selected box
  u8g2.drawStr(73,2, "3");    //Selected string
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(95,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(101,2, "4");

  u8g2.drawFrame(115,51,12,10);
  u8g2.drawXBMP(117, 53, 8, 6, back);
  
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}
void F1_point_in(void){
  emg(point_servo);
  btn_Jky(2);
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  
  u8g2.drawStr(32, 16, "Squeeze to");
  u8g2.drawStr(49, 32, "POINT");
  
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}
void F1_thumbUp(){  
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  u8g2.setDrawColor(2);
  
  u8g2.drawStr(39, 32, "THUMBS UP");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(11,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(17,2, "1");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(39,0,17,17);     
  u8g2.drawStr(45,2, "2");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(67,0,17,17);     
  u8g2.drawStr(73,2, "3");
  
  u8g2.drawBox(95,0,17,17);     //Selected box
  u8g2.drawStr(101,2, "4");     //Selected string
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(115,51,12,10);
  u8g2.drawXBMP(117, 53, 8, 6, back);
  
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}
void F1_thumbUp_in(void){
  emg(thumbsUp_servo);
  btn_Jky(2);
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  
  u8g2.drawStr(20, 16, "Squeeze to give");
  u8g2.drawStr(32, 30, "a THUMBS UP");
  
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}
void F1_goBack(void){
  btn_Jky(0);  
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  u8g2.setDrawColor(2);
  
  u8g2.drawStr(42, 32, "GO BACK");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(11,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(17,2, "1");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(39,0,17,17);     
  u8g2.drawStr(45,2, "2");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(67,0,17,17);     
  u8g2.drawStr(73,2, "3");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(95,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(101,2, "4");    

  u8g2.drawBox(115,51,12,10);   //Selected box
  
  u8g2.setDrawColor(0);
  u8g2.drawXBMP(117, 53, 8, 6, back);
  
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}

//MAIN FIGURES METHOD
void figures_F1(){
  switch (F1){
    case rock:
      if(swbtn_state==3){ //s'ha de canviar!!
        F1_rock_in();
      }
      else{
        btn_Jky(3);
        jkyF1();
        F1_rock();  //print on display F1_rock
      }
      break;
    
    case ronaldinho: 
      if(swbtn_state==3){ //s'ha de canviar!!
        F1_ronaldinho_in(); 
      }
      else{
        btn_Jky(3);
        jkyF1();
        F1_ronaldinho(); //print on display F1_ronaldinho
      }
      break;
    
    case point:
      if(swbtn_state==3){ //s'ha de canviar!!
        F1_point_in(); 
      }
      else{
        btn_Jky(3);
        jkyF1();
        F1_point(); //print on display F1_ronaldinho
      }
      break;

     case thumbUp:
      if(swbtn_state==3){ //s'ha de canviar!!
        F1_thumbUp_in(); 
      }
      else{
        btn_Jky(3);
        jkyF1();
        F1_thumbUp(); //print on display F1_ronaldinho
      }
      break;

     case goBackF1:
        jkyF1();
        F1_goBack(); //print on display F1_ronaldinho
      break;
  }
}

/*---- 3.CUSTOM Menu Methods ----*/
/*-- Read Joystic C1 Method --*/
void jkyC1(void){
  if (analogRead(jkyX)<=170 && analogRead(jkyY)>=1023){
    C1 = thumb;
  }
  else if (analogRead(jkyX)>=171 && analogRead(jkyX)<=341 && analogRead(jkyY)>=1023){
    C1 = index;
  }
  else if (analogRead(jkyX)>=342 && analogRead(jkyX)<=511 && analogRead(jkyY)>=1023){
    C1 = middle;
  }
  else if (analogRead(jkyX)>=512 && analogRead(jkyX)<=682 && analogRead(jkyY)>=1023){
    C1 = ring;
  }
  else if (analogRead(jkyX)>=683 && analogRead(jkyX)<=853 && analogRead(jkyY)>=1023){
    C1 = pinky;
  }
  else if (analogRead(jkyX)>=854 && analogRead(jkyX)<=1023 && analogRead(jkyY)>=1023){
    C1 = wrist;
  }
  else if (analogRead(jkyX)>=512 && analogRead(jkyX)<=1023 && analogRead(jkyY)<=450){
    C1 = goBackC1;
  }
}
/*-- Movement State for Individual Fingers Method --*/
uint8_t movement=0;
void jky_servo_movement(void){
    if(analogRead(jkyY)>=600){
        movement=1;
    }
    else if(analogRead(jkyY)<=400){
        movement=2;
    }
    else if(analogRead(jkyY)>=401 && analogRead(jkyY)<=599){
        movement=0;
    }
}

/*---- Custom Screen Methods ----*/
void C1_thumb(void){  
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  u8g2.setDrawColor(2);
  
  u8g2.drawStr(49, 32, "THUMB");
  
  u8g2.drawBox(2,0,17,17);   //Selected box
  u8g2.drawStr(8,2, "1");    //Selected string
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(23,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(29,2, "2");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(44,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(50,2, "3");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(65,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(71,2, "4");

  u8g2.drawFrame(86,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(92,2, "5");

  u8g2.drawFrame(107,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(113,2, "6");

  u8g2.drawFrame(115,51,12,10);
  u8g2.drawXBMP(117, 53, 8, 6, back);
  
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}

#define thumbMin 13
#define thumbMax 170
uint8_t thumb_angle=13;
uint8_t thumb_percentage=0;

void C1_thumb_in(void){
    jky_servo_movement();
    btn_Jky(4);
    if(movement==1 && thumb_angle<thumbMax){
        thumb_angle++;
    }
    else if(movement==2 && thumb_angle>thumbMin){
        thumb_angle--;
    }
    setServo(0,thumb_angle);
    thumb_percentage=map(thumb_angle, thumbMin, thumbMax, 0, 100);
    String percentage = String(thumb_percentage);
  
    u8g2.clearBuffer();
    u8g2.setDrawColor(2);
  
    u8g2.drawStr(16, 0, "Adjust Position");

    u8g2.drawStr(12,24, "Thumb:");
    u8g2.drawStr(64,24, percentage.c_str());   //map variable for %
    u8g2.drawStr(82,24, "%");
    
    u8g2.drawFrame(12,40,102,17);
    u8g2.drawBox(13,41,thumb_percentage,15);   //x is percentage of map
    
    u8g2.sendBuffer();
  
}
void C1_index(void){  
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  u8g2.setDrawColor(2);
  
  u8g2.drawStr(49, 32, "INDEX");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(2,0,17,17);   
  u8g2.drawStr(8,2, "1");
  
  u8g2.drawBox(23,0,17,17);   //Selected box
  u8g2.drawStr(29,2, "2");     //Selected string
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(44,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(50,2, "3");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(65,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(71,2, "4");

  u8g2.drawFrame(86,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(92,2, "5");

  u8g2.drawFrame(107,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(113,2, "6");

  u8g2.drawFrame(115,51,12,10);
  u8g2.drawXBMP(117, 53, 8, 6, back);

  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}

#define indexMin 10
#define indexMax 170
uint8_t index_angle=10;
uint8_t index_percentage=0;

void C1_index_in(){
  jky_servo_movement();
  btn_Jky(4);
  if(movement==1 && index_angle<indexMax){
      index_angle++;
  }
  else if(movement==2 && index_angle>indexMin){
      index_angle--;
  }
  setServo(1,index_angle);
  index_percentage=map(index_angle, indexMin, indexMax, 0, 100);
  String percentage = String(index_percentage);
  
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  u8g2.setDrawColor(2);
  
  u8g2.drawStr(16, 0, "Adjust Position");

  u8g2.drawStr(12,24, "Index:");
  u8g2.drawStr(64,24, percentage.c_str());   //map variable for %
  u8g2.drawStr(82,24, "%");
    
  u8g2.drawFrame(12,40,102,17);
  u8g2.drawBox(13,41,index_percentage,15);   //x is percentage of map
    
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}
void C1_middle(void){  
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  u8g2.setDrawColor(2);
  
  u8g2.drawStr(47, 32, "MIDDLE");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(2,0,17,17);   
  u8g2.drawStr(8,2, "1");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(23,0,17,17);   
  u8g2.drawStr(29,2, "2");
  
  u8g2.drawBox(44,0,17,17);   //Selected box
  u8g2.drawStr(50,2, "3");    //Selected string
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(65,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(71,2, "4");

  u8g2.drawFrame(86,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(92,2, "5");

  u8g2.drawFrame(107,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(113,2, "6");

  u8g2.drawFrame(115,51,12,10);
  u8g2.drawXBMP(117, 53, 8, 6, back);
  
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}

#define middleMin 13
#define middleMax 175
uint8_t middle_angle=13;
uint8_t middle_percentage=0;

void C1_middle_in(void){
  jky_servo_movement();
  btn_Jky(4);
  if(movement==1 && middle_angle<middleMax){
      middle_angle++;
  }
  else if(movement==2 && middle_angle>middleMin){
      middle_angle--;
  }
  setServo(2,middle_angle);
  middle_percentage=map(middle_angle, middleMin, middleMax, 0, 100);
  String percentage = String(middle_percentage);
  
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  u8g2.setDrawColor(2);
  
  u8g2.drawStr(16, 0, "Adjust Position");

  u8g2.drawStr(12,24, "Middle:");
  u8g2.drawStr(64,24, percentage.c_str());   //map variable for %
  u8g2.drawStr(82,24, "%");
    
  u8g2.drawFrame(12,40,102,17);
  u8g2.drawBox(13,41,middle_percentage,15);   //x is percentage of map
    
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}
void C1_ring(void){  
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  u8g2.setDrawColor(2);
  
  u8g2.drawStr(52, 32, "RING");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(2,0,17,17);   
  u8g2.drawStr(8,2, "1");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(23,0,17,17);   
  u8g2.drawStr(29,2, "2");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(44,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(50,2, "3");
  
  u8g2.drawBox(65,0,17,17);   //Selected box
  u8g2.drawStr(71,2, "4");    //Selected string
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(86,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(92,2, "5");

  u8g2.drawFrame(107,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(113,2, "6");

  u8g2.drawFrame(115,51,12,10);
  u8g2.drawXBMP(117, 53, 8, 6, back);
  
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}

#define ringMin 13
#define ringMax 151
uint8_t ring_angle=13;
uint8_t ring_percentage=0;

void C1_ring_in(void){
  jky_servo_movement();
  btn_Jky(4);
  if(movement==1 && ring_angle<ringMax){
      ring_angle++;
  }
  else if(movement==2 && ring_angle>ringMin){
      ring_angle--;
  }
  setServo(3,ring_angle);
  ring_percentage=map(ring_angle, ringMin, ringMax, 0, 100);
  String percentage = String(ring_percentage);
  
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  u8g2.setDrawColor(2);
  
  u8g2.drawStr(16, 0, "Adjust Position");

  u8g2.drawStr(12,24, "Ring:");
  u8g2.drawStr(64,24, percentage.c_str());   //map variable for %
  u8g2.drawStr(82,24, "%");
    
  u8g2.drawFrame(12,40,102,17);
  u8g2.drawBox(13,41,ring_percentage,15);   //x is percentage of map
    
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}
void C1_pinky(void){  
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  u8g2.setDrawColor(2);
  
  u8g2.drawStr(49, 32, "PINKY");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(2,0,17,17);   
  u8g2.drawStr(8,2, "1");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(23,0,17,17);   
  u8g2.drawStr(29,2, "2");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(44,0,17,17);   
  u8g2.drawStr(50,2, "3");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(65,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(71,2, "4");

  u8g2.drawBox(86,0,17,17);   //Selected box
  u8g2.drawStr(92,2, "5");    //Selected string

  u8g2.drawFrame(107,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(113,2, "6");

  u8g2.drawFrame(115,51,12,10);
  u8g2.drawXBMP(117, 53, 8, 6, back);
  
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}

#define pinkyMin 13
#define pinkyMax 161
uint8_t pinky_angle=13;
uint8_t pinky_percentage=0;

void C1_pinky_in(void){
  jky_servo_movement();
  btn_Jky(4);
  if(movement==1 && pinky_angle<pinkyMax){
      pinky_angle++;
  }
  else if(movement==2 && pinky_angle>pinkyMin){
      pinky_angle--;
  }
  setServo(4,pinky_angle);
  pinky_percentage=map(pinky_angle, pinkyMin, pinkyMax, 0, 100);
  String percentage = String(pinky_percentage);
  
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  u8g2.setDrawColor(2);
  
  u8g2.drawStr(16, 0, "Adjust Position");

  u8g2.drawStr(12,24, "Pinky:");
  u8g2.drawStr(64,24, percentage.c_str());   //map variable for %
  u8g2.drawStr(82,24, "%");
    
  u8g2.drawFrame(12,40,102,17);
  u8g2.drawBox(13,41,middle_percentage,15);   //x is percentage of map
    
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}
void C1_wrist(void){  
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  u8g2.setDrawColor(2);
  
  u8g2.drawStr(49, 32, "WRIST");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(2,0,17,17);   
  u8g2.drawStr(8,2, "1");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(23,0,17,17);   
  u8g2.drawStr(29,2, "2");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(44,0,17,17);   
  u8g2.drawStr(50,2, "3");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(65,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(71,2, "4");

  u8g2.drawFrame(86,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(92,2, "5");

  u8g2.drawBox(107,0,17,17);    //Selected box
  u8g2.drawStr(113,2, "6");     //Selected string

  u8g2.drawFrame(115,51,12,10);
  u8g2.drawXBMP(117, 53, 8, 6, back);
  
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}

#define wristMin 180
#define wristMax 150
uint8_t wrist_angle=180;
uint8_t wrist_percentage=0;

void C1_wrist_in(void){
  jky_servo_movement();
  btn_Jky(4);
  if(movement==1 && wrist_angle>wristMax){
      wrist_angle--;
  }
  else if(movement==2 && wrist_angle<wristMin){
      wrist_angle++;
  }
  setServo(5,wrist_angle);
  wrist_percentage=map(wrist_angle, wristMin, wristMax, 0, 100);
  String percentage = String(wrist_percentage);
  
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  u8g2.setDrawColor(2);
  
  u8g2.drawStr(16, 0, "Adjust Position");

  u8g2.drawStr(12,24, "Wrist:");
  u8g2.drawStr(64,24, percentage.c_str());   //map variable for %
  u8g2.drawStr(82,24, "%");
    
  u8g2.drawFrame(12,40,102,17);
  u8g2.drawBox(13,41,wrist_percentage,15);   //x is percentage of map
    
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}
void C1_goBack(void){  
  u8g2.clearBuffer();
  u8g2.setDrawColor(2);
  
  u8g2.drawStr(43, 32, "GO BACK");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(2,0,17,17);   
  u8g2.drawStr(8,2, "1");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(23,0,17,17);   
  u8g2.drawStr(29,2, "2");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(44,0,17,17);   
  u8g2.drawStr(50,2, "3");
  
  u8g2.drawFrame(65,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(71,2, "4");

  u8g2.drawFrame(86,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(92,2, "5");

  u8g2.drawFrame(107,0,17,17);
  u8g2.drawStr(113,2, "6");
  
  u8g2.drawBox(115,51,12,10);   //Selected box
  
  u8g2.setDrawColor(0);
  u8g2.drawXBMP(117, 53, 8, 6, back);
  u8g2.sendBuffer();
}

//MAIN CUSTOM METHOD
void custom_C1(void){
  switch(C1){
    case thumb:
      if(swbtn_state==5){
        jky_servo_movement();
        C1_thumb_in();
      }
      else{
        btn_Jky(5);
        jkyC1();
        C1_thumb();  //print on display F1_rock
      }
      break;
    
    case index:
      if(swbtn_state==5){ //s'ha de canviar!!
        C1_index_in();
      }
      else{
        btn_Jky(5);
        jkyC1();
        C1_index();  //print on display F1_rock
      }
      break;
    
    case middle:
      if(swbtn_state==5){ //s'ha de canviar!!
        C1_middle_in();
      }
      else{
        btn_Jky(5);
        jkyC1();
        C1_middle();  //print on display F1_rock
      }
      break;

    case ring:
      if(swbtn_state==5){ //s'ha de canviar!!
        C1_ring_in();
      }
      else{
        btn_Jky(5);
        jkyC1();
        C1_ring();  //print on display F1_rock
      }
      break;
    
    case pinky:
      if(swbtn_state==5){ //s'ha de canviar!!
        C1_pinky_in();
      }
      else{
        btn_Jky(5);
        jkyC1();
        C1_pinky();  //print on display F1_rock
      }
      break;

    case wrist:
      if(swbtn_state==5){ //s'ha de canviar!!
        C1_wrist_in();
      }
      else{
        btn_Jky(5);
        jkyC1();
        C1_wrist();  //print on display F1_rock
      }
      break;

    case goBackC1:
        btn_Jky(0);
        jkyC1();
        C1_goBack();  //print on display F1_rock
      break;
  }
}

void setup(){
  u8g2.begin();
  u8g2_prepare();
  servo.begin();
  servo.setPWMFreq(Freq);
  pinMode(jky, INPUT_PULLUP);
  F1=rock;
  C1=thumb;
  M1=openClose;
  swbtn_state=0;
}

void loop(){ 
  modes_M1();
}

#c++ #algorithm #dsa #sorting #insertionsort #insertion

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void sort(int* array, int size) {
	int key = 0, j = 0;
	for (int i = 1; i < size; i++)
	{
		key = array[i];
		j = i - 1;
		while (j >= 0 && array[j] > key)
		{
			array[j + 1] = array[j];
			j = j - 1;
		}
		array[j + 1] = key;
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
		cout << array[i] << "  ";
}
int main() {
	int size = 0;
	cout << "Enter size of the array " << endl;
	cin >> size;
	int* array = new int[size];
	cout << "Enter elements of the array " << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
		cin >> array[i];
	sort(array, size);
}

#c++ #algorithm #dsa #sorting #insertionsort #insertion

Insert a new node at the beginning of the linked list

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Node {
public:
	int data;
	Node* next;
	Node(int data=0)
	{
		this->data = data;
		this->next = NULL;
	}
};
void push(Node** head_ref, int data) {
	//creating the new node and by using constructor we 
	//are storing the value of the data
	//firstly the next pointer of this new node points to NULL
	//as declared in the constructor
	//then we are pointing the pointer of this node to the new node
	//and lastly we are equating the new insert node to the previous 
	//node to connect it to the list
	Node* new_node = new Node(data);
	new_node->next =(* head_ref);
	*(head_ref) = new_node;

}
void print(Node*& head) {

	Node* temp =  head;
	while (temp != NULL)
	{
		cout << "the value of the data is " << temp->data << endl;
		temp = temp->next;
	}

}

int main() {
	Node* node;
	node = NULL;
	push(&node, 5);
	push(&node, 6);
	push(&node, 7);
	print(node);
	return 0;


}

#c++ #algorithm #dsa #sorting #insertionsort #insertion

Linked list insertion and deletion

// c++ program to create a linked list insert element at head, at tail and delete element from
// tail, head and specific key
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Node
{
public:
    int data;
    Node *next;
    Node(int data)
    {
        this->data = data;
        this->next = NULL;
    }
};
void insertAtHead(Node *&head, int data)
{
    Node *NewNode = new Node(data);
    NewNode->next = head;
    head = NewNode;
}
void insertAtTail(Node *&head, int data)
{
    Node *NewNode = new Node(data);
    if (head == NULL)
    {
        NewNode->next = head;
        head = NewNode;
        return;
    }
    Node *temp = head;
    while (temp->next != NULL)
    {
        temp = temp->next;
    }
    temp->next = NewNode;

    cout << "the value of temp next is " << temp->data << endl;
}
void insertAtKey(Node *&head, int key, int data)
{
    Node *NewNode = new Node(data);
    if (head->data == key)
    {

        NewNode->next = head->next;
        head->next = NewNode;
        return;
    }
    Node *temp = head;
    while (temp->data != key)
    {
        temp = temp->next;
        if (temp == NULL)
            return;
    }
    NewNode->next = temp->next;
    temp->next = NewNode;
}
void print(Node *&head)
{
    if (head == NULL)
    {
        cout << head->data << " ->  ";
    }
    Node *temp = head;
    while (temp != NULL)
    {
        /* code */
        cout << temp->data << " -> ";
        temp = temp->next;
    }
}

void deleteNode(Node *&head, int key)
{
    if (head == NULL)
        return;

    if (head->data == key)
    {
        Node *temp = head;
        head = head->next;
        delete temp;
    }
    deleteNode(head->next, key);
}
int main()
{
    Node *head = NULL;
    cout << "insert At head" << endl;
    insertAtHead(head, 3);
    insertAtHead(head, 2);
    print(head);
    cout << endl;
    cout << "Insert at Tail " << endl;
    insertAtTail(head, 4);
    insertAtTail(head, 5);
    insertAtTail(head, 6);
    insertAtTail(head, 10);
    insertAtTail(head, 9);
    insertAtKey(head, 10, 45);
    print(head);

    deleteNode(head, 2);
    cout << "deleting the head" << endl;
    print(head);
}

#c++ #algorithm #dsa #sorting #insertionsort #insertion

Function to Reverse a singly linked list.

Node *Reverse(Node *&head)
{
    if (head == NULL || head->next == NULL)
        return head;
    Node *NewHead = Reverse(head->next);
    head->next->next = head;
    head->next = NULL;
    return NewHead;
}
//in main the previous head becomes the last node
int main(){
  Node*newHead=Reverse(head);
  print(newhead);
}

#c++ #algorithm #dsa #sorting #insertionsort #insertion

Linked list Insertion, deletion, reverse.(Working Code)

// c++ program to create a linked list insert element at head, at tail and delete element from
// tail, head and specific key
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Node
{
public:
    int data;
    Node *next;
    Node(int data)
    {
        this->data = data;
        this->next = NULL;
    }
};
void insertAtHead(Node *&head, int data)
{
    Node *NewNode = new Node(data);
    NewNode->next = head;
    head = NewNode;
}
void insertAtTail(Node *&head, int data)
{
    Node *NewNode = new Node(data);
    if (head == NULL)
    {
        NewNode->next = head;
        head = NewNode;
        return;
    }
    Node *temp = head;
    while (temp->next != NULL)
    {
        temp = temp->next;
    }
    temp->next = NewNode;

    cout << "the value of temp next is " << temp->data << endl;
}
void insertAtKey(Node *&head, int key, int data)
{
    Node *NewNode = new Node(data);
    if (head->data == key)
    {

        NewNode->next = head->next;
        head->next = NewNode;
        return;
    }
    Node *temp = head;
    while (temp->data != key)
    {
        temp = temp->next;
        if (temp == NULL)
            return;
    }
    NewNode->next = temp->next;
    temp->next = NewNode;
}
void print(Node *&head)
{
    if (head == NULL)
    {
        cout << head->data << " ->  ";
    }
    Node *temp = head;
    while (temp != NULL)
    {
        /* code */
        cout << temp->data << " -> ";
        temp = temp->next;
    }
}

void deleteNode(Node *&head, int key)
{
    if (head == NULL)
        return;

    if (head->data == key)
    {
        Node *temp = head;
        head = head->next;
        delete temp;
    }
    deleteNode(head->next, key);
}
// recursive approach to reverse the linked list
Node *Reverse(Node *&head)
{
    if (head == NULL || head->next == NULL)
        return head;
    Node *NewHead = Reverse(head->next);
    head->next->next = head;
    head->next = NULL;
    return NewHead;
}
int main()
{
    Node *head = NULL;
    cout << "insert At head" << endl;
    insertAtHead(head, 3);
    insertAtHead(head, 2);
    print(head);
    cout << endl;
    cout << "Insert at Tail " << endl;
    insertAtTail(head, 4);
    insertAtTail(head, 5);
    insertAtTail(head, 6);
    insertAtTail(head, 10);
    insertAtTail(head, 9);
    insertAtKey(head, 10, 45);
    print(head);

    deleteNode(head, 2);
    cout << "deleting the head" << endl;
    print(head);
    cout << endl;
    cout << "reversing the linked list " << endl;
    Node *NewHead = Reverse(head);

    print(NewHead);
}

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