// compilation succeeds
val p1: LowerCased = LowerCased("Abc")

// compilation succeeds
LowerCased.from("abc")

// compilation fails:
// got a string which is not all lower case: Abc
LowerCased.from("Abc")

// compilation fails:
// got a value which is not a constant string: Usage.z
val z = "x" * 10
​​LowerCased.from(z)

object LowerCased:
  private def fromImpl(s: Expr[String])(using Quotes): Expr[LowerCased] =
    import quotes.reflect.*

    s.asTerm match
      case Inlined(_, _, Literal(StringConstant(str))) =>
        if LowerCased(str) == str then s
        else report.errorAndAbort(
          s"got a string which is not all lower case: $str")
      case _ => report.errorAndAbort(
        s"got a value which is not a constant string: ${s.show}")

object LowerCased:
  inline def from(inline s: String): LowerCased = ${ fromImpl('s) }

  import scala.quoted.*
  private def fromImpl(s: Expr[String])(using Quotes): Expr[LowerCased] = 
    ???

object LowerCased:
  inline def from(inline s: String): LowerCased = ${ fromImpl('s) }

  import scala.quoted.*
  private def fromImpl(s: Expr[String])(using Quotes): Expr[LowerCased] = 
    ???

opaque type LowerCased = String

object LowerCased:
  def apply(s: String): LowerCased = s.toLowerCase(Locale.US)

  given Conversion[LowerCased, String] with
    inline def apply(lc: LowerCased): String = lc

import scala.compiletime.{error, requireConst}

opaque type NonEmptyString = String

object NonEmptyString:
  def apply(s: String): Option[NonEmptyString] = 
    if s.isEmpty then None else Some(s)

  inline def from(inline s: String): NonEmptyString =
    requireConst(s)
    inline if s == "" then error("got an empty string") else s

  given Conversion[NonEmptyString, String] with
    inline def apply(nes: NonEmptyString): String = nes  

import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.{Benchmark, BenchmarkMode, Fork, Measurement, Mode, Param, Scope, State, Warmup}

import java.util.ArrayDeque
import scala.util.Random
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Setup
import scala.jdk.StreamConverters.*

case class Cls(i: Int)

@BenchmarkMode(Array(Mode.Throughput))
@State(Scope.Benchmark)
@Measurement(time = 1, iterations = 5)
@Warmup(time = 1, iterations = 5)
@Fork(value = 2)
class Bench:

  @Param(Array("100", "10000", "100000", "1000000"))
  var size: Int = _

  var data: Array[Cls] = _
  var list: List[Cls] = _
  var vector: Vector[Cls] = _

  @Setup
  def setup(): Unit =
    data = Array.fill(size)(Cls(Random.nextInt))
    list = List.from(data)
    vector = Vector.from(data)

  @Benchmark
  def listBuilderAndSum: Long =
    val builder = List.newBuilder[Cls]
    for cls <- data do builder.addOne(cls)
    val list = builder.result()

    list.filter(_.i > 0).map(_.i.toLong).sum


  @Benchmark
  def vectorBuilderAndSum: Long =
    val builder = Vector.newBuilder[Cls]
    for i <- data do builder.addOne(i)
    val vec = builder.result

    vec.filter(_.i > 0).map(_.i.toLong).sum

  @Benchmark
  def vectorBuildDirectAndSum: Long =
    var vec = Vector.empty[Cls]
    for cls <- data do vec = vec :+ cls

    vec.filter(_.i > 0).map(_.i.toLong).sum


  @Benchmark
  def listPrependAndSum: Long =
    var lst = List.empty[Cls]
    for cls <- data do lst = cls :: lst
    lst.filter(_.i > 0).map(_.i.toLong).sum

  @Benchmark
  def vectorPrependAndSum: Long =
    var vec = Vector.empty[Cls]
    for cls <- data do vec = cls +: vec
    vec.filter(_.i > 0).map(_.i.toLong).sum
  
  @Benchmark
  def listSum: Long =
    list.filter(_.i > 0).map(_.i.toLong).sum

  @Benchmark
  def vectorSum: Long =
    vector.filter(_.i > 0).map(_.i.toLong).sum

  @Benchmark
  def listViewSum: Long =
    list.view.filter(_.i > 0).map(_.i.toLong).sum

  @Benchmark
  def vectorViewSum: Long =
    vector.view.filter(_.i > 0).map(_.i.toLong).sum

  @Benchmark
  def listJavaStreamSum: Long =
    list.asJavaSeqStream.filter(_.i > 0).mapToLong(_.i.toLong).sum

  @Benchmark
  def vectorJavaStreamSum: Long =
    vector.asJavaSeqStream.filter(_.i > 0).mapToLong(_.i.toLong).sum

class Contains(r: Range) { def unapply(i: Int): Boolean = r contains i }

val C1 = new Contains(3 to 10)
val C2 = new Contains(20 to 30)

scala> 5 match { case C1() => println("C1"); case C2() => println("C2"); case _ => println("none") }
C1

scala> 23 match { case C1() => println("C1"); case C2() => println("C2"); case _ => println("none") }
C2

scala> 45 match { case C1() => println("C1"); case C2() => println("C2"); case _ => println("none") }
none

n match {
  case it if 0 until 5 contains it  => "less than five"
  case it if 5 until 10 contains it => "less than ten"
  case _ => "a lot"
}

def mkPropEqMatcher[T,V](name:String, extr: T => V)(expVal : V): HavePropertyMatcher[T,V] =
     new HavePropertyMatcher[T, V] {
       def apply(t: T): HavePropertyMatchResult[V] =
         HavePropertyMatchResult(
           extr(t) == expVal,
           name,
           expVal,
           extr(t)
         )
     }
 
   val title = mkPropEqMatcher("title", (_ : Book).title) _
   val author = mkPropEqMatcher("author", (_ : Book).author) _  

val classes = Seq(
  getClass,                   // To get the jar with our own code.
  classOf[mysql.jdbc.Driver]  // To get the connector.
)
val jars = classes.map(_.getProtectionDomain().getCodeSource().getLocation().getPath())
val conf = new SparkConf().setJars(jars)

val columnsToSum = List(col("var1"), col("var2"), col("var3"), col("var4"), col("var5"))

val output = input.withColumn("sums", columnsToSum.reduce(_ + _))

import org.apache.spark.sql.functions._

val sc: SparkContext = ...
val sqlContext = new SQLContext(sc)

import sqlContext.implicits._

val input = sc.parallelize(Seq(
  ("a", 5, 7, 9, 12, 13),
  ("b", 6, 4, 3, 20, 17),
  ("c", 4, 9, 4, 6 , 9),
  ("d", 1, 2, 6, 8 , 1)
)).toDF("ID", "var1", "var2", "var3", "var4", "var5")

val columnsToSum = List(col("var1"), col("var2"), col("var3"), col("var4"), col("var5"))

val output = input.withColumn("sums", columnsToSum.reduce(_ + _))

output.show()

val keysDF = mapTypeDF.select(explode(map_keys($"property"))).distinct()
val keys = keysDF.collect().map(f=>f.get(0))
val keyCols = keys.map(f=> col("property").getItem(f).as(f.toString))
val expandedDf = mapTypeDF.select(col("name") +: keyCols:_*).show(false)