//collection that stores elements that can be accessed at some later point to process (like waiting in line at the bank teller). A Queue accesses elements in a (usually) First In First Out (FIFO) manner where elements are inserted at the tail (back) of the collection and removed from the head (front).
//A Queue has two types of access methods for inserting, removing, and getting but not removing the head of the Queue.
//The following methods throw an exception when:
//add() - there is no space for the element
//remove() - there are no elements to remove
//element() - there are no elements to get
//The following methods return a special value:
//offer() - false there is no space for the element
//poll() - null there are no elements to remove
//peek() - null there are no elements to get
//The methods that return a special value should be used when working with a statically sized Queue and the exception throwing methods when using a dynamic Queue.

Queue<String> stringQueue = new LinkedList<>();
stringQueue.add("Mike"); // true - state of queue -> "Mike"
stringQueue.offer("Jeff"); // true - state of queue -> "Mike", "Jeff" 
 
String a = stringQueue.remove() // Returns "Mike" - state of queue -> 1
String b = stringQueue.poll() // Returns "Jeff" - state of queue -> empty
String c = stringQueue.peek() // Returns null
String d = stringQueue.element() // Throws NoSuchElementException

// Assuming `stringQueue` has elements -> "Mike", "Jack", "John"
for (String name: stringQueue) {
  System.out.println(name);
}
// OUTPUT TERMINAL: "Mike", "Jack", "John"

class Tree(object):
  def __init__(self, x, left=None, right=None):
    self.value = x
    self.left = left
    self.right = right 

x = Tree(1, Tree(0, Tree(1), Tree(3)), Tree(4))


def solution(t): 
    if not t: 
        return 0 
    
    stack = [(t, 0)]
    branchesSum = 0 
    
    while stack: 
        node, v = stack.pop() 
        if node.left or node.right:
        #depth first search 
        # the v is a little confusing to understand but easier to see in python tutor 
        # it goes from 1 to 10 to 100 etc. based on the height of the branch 
        # can probably do something like str() and converting back to int() as well 
            if node.left: 
                stack.append((node.left, node.value + v * 10)) 
            if node.right: 
                stack.append((node.right, node.value + v * 10)) 
        else: 
            branchesSum += node.value + v * 10 
    return branchesSum 

#
# Binary trees are already defined with this interface:
# class Tree(object):
#   def __init__(self, x):
#     self.value = x
#     self.left = None
#     self.right = None
import math 
def solution(t):
    if t is None: return [] 
    
    stack = [t] 
    result = []
    
    while len(stack) > 0: 
        result.append(max(tree.value for tree in stack)) 
        next_row = [tree.left for tree in stack if tree.left] + [tree.right for tree in stack if tree.right]
        stack = next_row 
    return result 


 #1. Add max value of ‘stack’ to result. 2. Create a new list of all next values for each value in stack. 3. redefine stack to this newly made list. 4. repeat 


#alternate solution 
def solution(t):
    largestValues = []
    q = []
    height = 0
    if t:
        q.append([t, height])
        while q:
            item = q.pop()
            node = item[0]
            currentHeight = item[1]
            if node.left:
                q.insert(0, [node.left, currentHeight + 1] )
            if node.right:
                q.insert(0, [node.right, currentHeight + 1])
            checkLargest(node.value, currentHeight, largestValues)
            
    return largestValues
    
        
def checkLargest(value, height, largestValues):
    if height == len(largestValues):
        largestValues.append(value)
    else:
        if largestValues[height] < value:
            largestValues[height] = value

class CircularQueue:
    def __init__(self, size):
        self.size = size
        self.head = 0
        self.tail = 0
        self.buffer = [None] * size
        self.length = 0

    def enqueue(self, value):
        self.length += 1
        self.buffer[self.tail] = value
        self.tail += 1
        if self.tail >= self.size:
            self.tail = 0

    def dequeue(self):
        self.length -= 1
        value = self.buffer[self.head]
        self.head += 1
        if self.head >= self.size:
            self.head = 0
        return value

   DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 2.0, execute: {
            self.profileImageView.makeCircle()
        })