const array = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
console.log(array.__proto__)
// this checks if the array we are using is getting the constructor prototype Array methods
console.log(array.__proto__ === Arr.prototype)

const person = {
  firstName: "John",
  lastName: "Doe",
  age: 30,
  isEmployed: true,
  hobbies: ["reading", "traveling", "coding"],
  address: {
    street: "123 Main St",
    city: "Anytown",
    country: "USA",
  },
  greet: function () {
    return `Hello, my name is ${this.firstName} ${this.lastName}.`;
  },
};

const newObj = {};

for (let key in person) {
  if (key === "firstName" || key === "lastName") {
    newObj[key] = person[key];
  }
}

console.log({ newObj });

class ClassMates{
	constructor(name,age){
    	this.name=name;
      	this.age=age;
    }
  	displayInfo(){
    	return this.name + "is " + this.age + " years old!";
    }
}

let classmate = new ClassMates("Mike Will",15);
classmate.displayInfo();  // result: Mike Will is 15 years old!

# Create a custom application class "Hobbies" that inherits from CTk (Custom Tkinter)
class Hobbies(CTk):
    # Constructor of the class
    def __init__(self):
        # Call the constructor of the parent class (CTk) using super()
        super().__init__()
        self.title("Hobbies")
        
        # Create a label to display "Select your hobbies"
        self.display_label = CTkLabel(self, text="Select your hobbies")
        self.display_label.pack(padx=10, pady=10)

        # Create a frame to hold the checkboxes
        self.frame =CTkFrame(self)
        self.frame.pack(padx=10, pady=10)

        # Create a StringVar to store the value of the first hobby (initially empty)
        self.hobby1 = StringVar()
        # Create a CTkCheckBox for "Coding"
        # When the checkbox is toggled, the self.hobby() method will be called
        # The checkbox's variable is self.hobby1, and its values are "Coding" (checked) and "" (unchecked)
        self.hobby1_cb = CTkCheckBox(self.frame, text="Coding", command=self.hobby,
                                            variable=self.hobby1, onvalue="Coding", offvalue="")
        self.hobby1_cb.grid(row=0, padx=10, pady=10)

        # Create a StringVar to store the value of the second hobby (initially empty)
        self.hobby2 = StringVar()
        # Create a CTkCheckBox for "Cricket"
        # When the checkbox is toggled, the self.hobby() method will be called
        # The checkbox's variable is self.hobby2, and its values are "Cricket" (checked) and "" (unchecked)
        self.hobby2_cb = CTkCheckBox(self.frame, text="Cricket", command=self.hobby,
                                            variable=self.hobby2, onvalue="Cricket", offvalue="")
        self.hobby2_cb.grid(row=1, padx=10, pady=10)

        # Create a StringVar to store the value of the third hobby (initially empty)
        self.hobby3 = StringVar()
        # Create a CTkCheckBox for "Drawing"
        # When the checkbox is toggled, the self.hobby() method will be called
        # The checkbox's variable is self.hobby3, and its values are "Drawing" (checked) and "" (unchecked)
        self.hobby3_cb = CTkCheckBox(self.frame, text="Drawing", command=self.hobby,
                                            variable=self.hobby3, onvalue="Drawing", offvalue="")
        self.hobby3_cb.grid(row=2, padx=10, pady=10)

        # Create a label to display the selected hobbies
        self.label= CTkLabel(self.frame, text="")
        self.label.grid(row=3)

    # Method to handle the checkbox toggle event
    def hobby(self):
        # Destroy the existing label to clear its contents
        self.label.destroy()

        # Create a new label to display the selected hobbies
        self.label = CTkLabel(self.frame, text=f"{self.hobby1.get()} {self.hobby2.get()} {self.hobby3.get()}")
        self.label.grid(row=3)

# Create an instance of the custom application class "Hobbies"
app = Hobbies()
# Start the main event loop of the application
app.mainloop()

# Importing the necessary modules from customtkinter library
from customtkinter import *
# This function will be called when the checkbox is toggled
def checkbox_event():
    # Create a new CTkLabel widget and display the current value of the checkbox
    label = CTkLabel(app, text=f"checkbox toggled, current value: {check_var.get()}")
    label.pack()

# Create a CTk application instance
app = CTk()
# Create a StringVar to hold the value of the checkbox (initially empty)
check_var = StringVar()
# Create a CTkCheckBox widget with text "Switch"
# When the checkbox is toggled, the checkbox_event function will be called
# The checkbox's variable is check_var, and its values are "on" (checked) and "off" (unchecked)
checkbox = CTkCheckBox(app, text="Switch", command=checkbox_event,
                                     variable=check_var, onvalue="on", offvalue="off")
# Pack the checkbox widget, adding padding around it
checkbox.pack(padx=10, pady=10)
# Start the main event loop of the application
app.mainloop()

"""
# ------------------IN OOP------------------
# Create a custom application class "App" that inherits from CTk (Custom Tkinter)
class App(CTk):
    # Constructor of the class
    def __init__(self):
        # Call the constructor of the parent class (CTk) using super()
        super().__init__()

        # Create a StringVar to hold the value of the checkbox (initially empty)
        self.check_var = StringVar()
        # Create a CTkCheckBox widget with text "Switch"
        # When the checkbox is toggled, the self.checkbox_event method will be called
        # The checkbox's variable is self.check_var, and its values are "on" (checked) and "off" (unchecked)
        self.checkbox = CTkCheckBox(self, text="Switch", command=self.checkbox_event,
                                            variable=self.check_var, onvalue="on", offvalue="off")
        # Pack the checkbox widget, adding padding around it
        self.checkbox.pack(padx=10, pady=10)

    # Method to handle the checkbox toggle event
    def checkbox_event(self):
        # Create a new CTkLabel widget and display the current value of the checkbox
        label = CTkLabel(self, text=f"checkbox toggled, current value: {self.check_var.get()}")
        label.pack()

# Create an instance of the custom application class "App"
app = App()
app.mainloop()
"""

class App(CTk):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.button = CTkButton(
            self, text="Blogs", #Text to be displayed
            fg_color="#ec3642", #color of the button
            hover_color="white", #color of the button when mouse is over
            font=("Montserrat", 16), #font used
            corner_radius=12, width=100, #radius of edges and total width
            command=self.open) #Command to run when button is clicked
        self.button.pack(padx = 10, pady = 10)

    def open(self):
        import webbrowser #library to open a specific URL
        # Opening the given link.
        webbrowser.open("https://python-hub.com/blog-2/")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = App()
    app.mainloop()

from customtkinter import *

app = CTk()

button = CTkButton(app)
button.pack(padx = 10, pady = 10)

app.mainloop()

# In OOP
class App(CTk):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.button = CTkButton(self)
        self.button.pack(padx = 10, pady = 10)

        
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = App()
    app.mainloop()

from dataclasses import dataclass
 
@dataclass
class Book_list:
	name: str
	perunit_cost: float
	quantity_available: int = 0
		
	# function to calculate total cost	
	def total_cost(self) -> float:
		return self.perunit_cost * self.quantity_available
	
book = Book_list("Introduction to programming.", 300, 3)
x = book.total_cost()
 
# print the total cost
# of the book
print(x)
 
# print book details
print(book)
 
# 900
Book_list(name='Python programming.',
		perunit_cost=200,
		quantity_available=3)

pip install pylint
pyreverse -o png <path_to_src>

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class DATE{
    int day;
    int month;
    int year;
    public:
    DATE(){}
    DATE(char*);
    int operator-(DATE);
    DATE operator+(int);
    bool operator<(DATE);
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &,DATE&);
    ~DATE();
};
int main(){

    cout<<"Enter the first date in dd/mm/yyyy format: ";
    char input[20];
    cin>>input;
    DATE d1(input);
    cout<<d1<<endl;
    cout<<"Enter the second date in dd/mm/yyyy format: ";
    cin>>input;
    DATE d2(input);
    cout<<d2<<endl;
    int num_days = d2-d1;
    
    cout<<"Number of days in between is: "<<num_days<<endl;
    cout<<"Enter the number of days\n";
    int num;
    cin>>num;
    DATE d3 = d1 + num;
    cout<<d1<<" + "<<num<<" = "<<d3;
    return 0;
}
int my_stoi(char *input,int start,int len){
    int output =0;
    for(int i=start;i<start+len;i++){
        output = output*10 + input[i]-'0';
    }
    return output;
}
DATE::DATE(char *input){
    day = my_stoi(input,0,2);
    month = my_stoi(input,3,2);
    year = my_stoi(input,6,4);
}
inline bool is_leap_year(int yy){
    if(yy%400==0) return 0;
    return yy%4 ? 0: 1;
}
inline int days_in_year(int yy){
    return is_leap_year(yy) ? 366 : 365;
}
int days_in_month(int mo,int yy){
    switch(mo){
        case 1:case 3:case 5: case 7: case 8: case 10: case 12:
            return 31;
        case 4: case 6: case 9: case 11:
            return 30;
        case 2: 
            if(is_leap_year(yy)) return 29;
            else return 28;
    }
    return -1;
}
bool DATE::operator<(DATE d2){
    if(year<d2.year) return true;
    else if(year>d2.year) return false;
    if(month<d2.month) return true;
    else if(month>d2.month) return false;
    return day<d2.day;
}
int DATE::operator-(DATE d2){
    if(*this<d2) return d2-*this;

    int prefix_days_d1 =0;
    for(int i=1;i<month;i++) prefix_days_d1 += days_in_month(i,year);
    prefix_days_d1 += day;

    int suffix_days_d2=0;
    suffix_days_d2 += days_in_month(d2.month,d2.year)-d2.day;
    for(int i = d2.month+1;i<=12;i++) suffix_days_d2 += days_in_month(i,d2.year);

    int difference = suffix_days_d2 + prefix_days_d1;

    for(int i = d2.year+1 ; i<year ; i++){
        difference += days_in_year(i);
    }
    if(year==d2.year) difference -= days_in_year(year);   // overlap
    return difference;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream &print,DATE &obj){
    if(obj.day/10 ==0) print<<"0";
    print<<obj.day;
    print<<"/";
    if(obj.month/10 ==0) print<<"0";
    print<<obj.month<<"/";
    print<<obj.year;
    return print;
}
DATE DATE::operator+(int add_days){
    DATE output;
    int dd = day;
    int mm = month;
    int yy = year;
    int current_days = days_in_month(mm,yy) - dd;
    if(add_days > current_days){  
                                    // rounding up the month
        add_days-=current_days;
        mm++;
        if(mm==13) {
            mm=1;
            yy++;
        }
    }
    else{
        dd +=add_days;
        add_days=0;
    }
    while(days_in_month(mm,yy)<add_days){
                                        // rounding up the year
        add_days-=days_in_month(mm,yy);
        mm++;
        if(mm==13) {
            mm=1;
            yy++;
            break;
        }
    }
    while(days_in_year(yy)<add_days){   //locating to the year
        add_days-=days_in_year(yy);
        yy++;
    }
    while(days_in_month(mm,yy)<add_days){ // locating to the month
        add_days-=days_in_month(mm,yy);
        mm++;
    }
    if(add_days!=0) dd = add_days;  // locating to the date
    output.day = dd;
    output.month = mm;
    output.year = yy;

    return output;
}
DATE::~DATE(){
    
}

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

typedef struct NODE{
    int data;
    NODE *next;
}NODE;
class LIST{
    NODE *head;
    public:
    LIST();
    LIST& operator+(int);
    LIST& operator-(int);
    bool operator==(LIST&);
    LIST& operator++(int);
    LIST& operator--(int);
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&,LIST&);
    ~LIST();
};
int main(){
    LIST l;
    int choice,ele;
    while(1){
        cout<<"1. L = L + ele\n";
        cout<<"2. L = L - ele\n";
        cout<<"3. L = L++ \n";
        cout<<"4. L = L--\n";
        cout<<"-1: Exit\n";
        cin>>choice;
        switch(choice){
            case 1: 
                    cout<<"Enter the value of the element\n";
                    cin>>ele;
                    l = l + ele;
            break;
            case 2:
                    cout<<"Enter the value of the element\n";
                    cin>>ele;
                    l = l - ele;
            break;
            case 3:
                    l = l++;
            break;
            case 4: 
                    l = l--;
            break;
            case -1:
                    goto out;
            default:
                    cout<<"Invalid entry\n";
        }
        cout<<"List: "<<l;
    }
    out:
    return 0;
}

LIST::LIST(){
    head=NULL;
}
bool ispresent(NODE* chain,NODE *end,int key){
    NODE *temp = chain;
    while(temp!=end){
        if(temp->data==key) return true;
        temp = temp->next;
    }
    if(end!=NULL) return end->data == key ? 1:0;
    return false;
}
LIST& LIST::operator--(int){
    NODE *distinct_head = NULL;
    NODE *distinct_connect = NULL;
    NODE *duplicate_head=NULL;
    NODE *duplicate_connect = NULL;
    NODE *temp = head;
    while(temp){
        if(ispresent(distinct_head,distinct_connect,temp->data)){
            if(!duplicate_connect) duplicate_head = temp;
            else duplicate_connect->next = temp;
            duplicate_connect = temp;
        }
        else{
            if(!distinct_connect) distinct_head = temp;
            else distinct_connect->next = temp;
            distinct_connect = temp;
        }
        NODE *store = temp->next;
        temp->next = NULL;
        temp = store;
    }
    distinct_connect->next  = duplicate_head;
    head = distinct_head;
    return *this;
}
LIST& LIST::operator++(int){
    NODE *temp = head;
    while(temp){
        temp->data = temp->data +1;
        temp=temp->next;
    }
    return *this;
}
bool LIST::operator==(LIST &l2){
    NODE *temp1 = head;
    NODE *temp2 = l2.head;
    if(temp1 == NULL && temp2 == NULL) return true;
    if(temp1==NULL || temp2==NULL) return false;
    while(temp1 && temp2){
        if(temp1->data!=temp2->data) return false;
        temp1 = temp1->next;
        temp2 = temp2->next;
    }
    return temp1 || temp2 ? 0:1;
}
LIST& LIST::operator-(int element){
    NODE *temp = head;
    NODE *prev= NULL;
    while(temp){
        if(temp->data==element){
            if(!prev) head=head->next;
            else prev->next = temp->next;
            delete temp;
            return *this;
        }
        prev=temp;
        temp=temp->next;
    }
    return *this;
}
LIST& LIST::operator+(int element){
    NODE *current = new NODE;
    current->data = element;
    current->next = NULL;
    NODE *temp = head;
    if(!temp){
        head = current;
        return *this;
    }
    while(temp->next){
        temp = temp->next;
    }
    temp->next = current;
    return *this;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& print,LIST &l){
    NODE *temp= l.head;
    while(temp){
        print<<temp->data<<" ";
        temp = temp->next;
    }
    print<<endl;
    return print;
}
LIST::~LIST(){
    NODE *temp = head;
    while(temp){
        NODE *store = temp->next;
        delete temp;
        temp = store;
    }
}

const person = {
  name: 'Sam',
  age: 300,
}

const twinPerson = {
  ...person
}